BACTERIA THEY ARE EVERYWHERE Parts of a Bacterial

BACTERIA THEY ARE EVERYWHERE!!!

Parts of a Bacterial Cell Wall outer covering that protects the cell Cell Membrane Controls what goes in and out of the cell (also called plasma membrane)

Parts of a Bacterial Cell Cytoplasm Ribosomes Gel-like material inside the cell membrane Chemical factories where proteins are produced DNA Genetic material Contains instructions for all of the cell’s functions

Parts of a Bacterial Cell Flagellum Plural Flagella Long, whip-like structure to help cell move May have many, 1, or none Most do not have any & are carried from place to place by: Air Water currents Other objects

3 Bacterial Shapes Cocci (Coccus) Spherical

3 Bacterial Shapes Bacilli (Bacillus) Rod-shaped

3 Bacterial Cell Shapes Spirilla (Spirochetes) Spiral Shaped

Prokaryotes Bacteria and Archaea PROKARYOTES- do not have an organized nucleus Most known prokaryotes are BACTERIA Archaea (oldest known) Can move Get energy Can reproduce (usually asexually) Very small and simple Eukaryotes- have an organized nucleus US!!!!!!

Bacterial Reproduction When bacteria have: 1. Plenty of food 2. Correct temperature 3. Suitable conditions they thrive and reproduce frequently. Some can reproduce as often as every 20 minutes!!!!!!

Bacterial Reproduction Asexual Involves only 1 parent and produces offspring identical to the parent Most bacteria reproduce this way- it is called BINARY FISSION 1. 2. 3. 4. Cell enlarges Cell duplicates DNA Cell and DNA copy start to separate Cell divides into 2 separate cells (identical)

Binary Fission http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=SLp. FJ 1 Je. RYs

Sexual Bacterial Reproduction Two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents Sometimes occurs Have to be really special conditions Called: CONJUGATION http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=OEd. X 4 Ma. MFE http: //trc. ucdavis. edu/biosci 10 v/bis 10 v/wee k 7/bacterial_conjugation. mov

Bacterial Reproduction Endospore Formation Sometimes conditions are harsh for bacteria to survive Form Endospores for survival Endospores- small, rounded, thick-walled, restless cell that forms inside a bacterial cell Contains cells genetic material & cytoplasm

Domain Bacteria Food and Energy Bacteria must have: A source of food A way of breaking down the food to release its energy Bacteria are classified on how they get their food

Domain Bacteria Food and Energy Autotroph (producer) Make their own food by: Capture and use sun’s energy (like plants do) Use energy from chemical substances in their environment to make food Examples: bacteria in pond cause the green cloudy scum in water, bacteria in hot springs use chemical energy to make food 1. 2. Heterotroph (consumer) Consume other organisms or the food other organisms make Example: bacteria in yogurt breaks down the sugars in milk for food Decomposer Break down and feed off of dead organisms Saprophytes Break down dead leaves in the fall

Domain Archaea Don’t all have a cell wall 3 types Heat lovers Found in really hot environments Ocean vents, hot springs, geysers Salt lovers Found in areas with high salt content Oceans, The Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake Methane lovers Found in swamps or animal intestines Really stinky!!