Bacteria The Good the Bad and the Ugly

Bacteria The Good, the Bad and the Ugly!

What are prokaryotes? Single celled organisms that DO NOT have membrane bound organelles.

3 Common Bacterial Shapes Sphere Shaped Coccus Rod Shaped Bacillus Spiral Shaped Spirillum

3 Common Bacterial Shapes

2 Domains all Prokaryotes Belong to: Domain Archaea Domain Bacteria

Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria – Mostly found in EXTREME Environments – Salt Lakes / Hot Springs / etc

Domain Bacteria Can be found virtually EVERYWHERE!!! 100, 000 found on 1 sq in of your skin!

Bacterial Structure Genetic Material DNA Bacterial DNA is a single chromosome clustered in a mass called a nucleoid.

Bacterial Structure Plasmids – Small, circular extra loops of DNA Other non-membrane bound structures? – Ribosomes, enzymes, nutrients

Bacterial Structure Outside Cell Membrane? – Rigid cell wall – 1 or 2 layers thick Cell wall made of? – Peptidoglycan Outside cell wall of some? – Additional membrane

Up Close: E. coli

Identifying Bacteria Techniques Used to ID Bacteria – Gram Staining

Gram Positive Thick layer of peptidoglycan / no outer membrane EASIER to Kill!!! Stain PURPLE

Gram Negative Thin layer peptidoglycan / outer membrane present HARDER to Kill!!! Stains Pink

Obtaining Energy Photoautrotrophs – – – Use SUNLIGHT for energy Purple & Green Sulfur Bacteria CYANOBACTERIA Chemoautotrophs – Get energy from Inorganic Sources (CHEMICALS) in their environment Heterotrophs – Feed on DEAD organisms – Paratites / Pathogens (Feed on LIVING stuff)

Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission – A single cell divides into two identical cells – (MITOSIS)

Sexual Reproduction Conjugation – Occurs when two bacteria join to exchange DNA – Connect through Pili

Endospores Thick walled structures that surround DNA & cytoplasm, protecting bacteria from harsh conditions

Vital Role of Bacteria Produce Oxygen Convert Nitrogen to useable form for Plants (matter cycles) DECOMPOSERS!!! Food we eat!

Helpful in Industry/Research Produce Chemicals (Acetone) Clean up oil spills / sewage Produce human proteins

Causing Disease Producing Toxins – Clostridium botulinum – Botulism toxin causes food poisoning – Used in Botox

Staphylococcus Flesh Eating Bacteria Causing Disease Destroying Body Tissue

Destroying Body Tissue ANTHRAX CHLAMYDIA GONORRHEA

Antibiotics Chemicals that inhibit the growth of or kill microorganisms. Conjugation & Natural Selection spreads antibiotic resistance (MRSA)