BACTERIA Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria What do you already

BACTERIA Kingdoms Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

What do you already know? � What are the characteristics of life? � Review the following terms: �Prokaryote �Autotroph �Heterotroph �Aerobic Respiration �Anaerobic Respiration

What are bacteria? � Microscopic, Unicellular, Prokaryotic organisms containing DNA and ber m e Rem e? !! ribosomes. thes � May be autotrophs or heterotrophs � Bacteria are LIVING!!!! They have ALL the characteristics of living organisms. � Found everywhere on earth!

Basic Structure of Bacteria Protein synthesis carbohydrates that makes up cell wall Movement Attachment & transfer of DNA

Basic Structure of Bacteria • Bacterial cell wall is made up of the carbohydrate peptidoglycan • Pilli are used for attachment and for exchange of DNA during sexual reproduction • Flagella are used for movement Not all bacteria have flagella.

Bacteria Structure � Bacteria are categorized by three distinct shapes: spiral (spirilla)/spirillum Ex: Spirillum volutans spherical (cocci)/coccus Ex: Micrococcus luteus rod-shaped (bacilli)/bacillus Ex: Bacillus cereus video: bacteria shapes

Name These Bacteria Shapes

Bacteria Kingdoms � Archaebacteria: “ancient” bacteria; live in harsh environments � Eubacteria: “true bacteria” found nearly everywhere else video: bacteria habitats

Archaebacteria EXTREMOPHILES!! � Live in extreme, harsh environments. �Examples: ○ High Temperatures THERMOPHILE ○ High/Low p. H ACIDOPHILE ○ High Salt Concentration HALOPHILE Grand Prismatic in Yellowstone’s largest hot springs basin Lemonade Spring in Yellowstone highly acidic Great Salt Lake once thought to be lifeless is teeming with salt-tolerant bacteria

Eubacteria “true bacteria” � Very diverse group of bacteria that live everywhere!

Bacteria Metabolism � May be heterotrophs: �Aerobic Respiration: WITH OXYGEN �Anaerobic Respiration: with. OUT Oxygen • May be autotrophs: • Photosynthetic • ex: cyanobacteria found in • lakes & ponds use blue chorophyll for photosynthesis

Questions? ?

CONCEPT REVIEW: True or False Members of Archaea live in extreme environments. TRUE

CONCEPT REVIEW: True or False Members of Kingdom Eubacteria are lovers of extremes. FALSE

CONCEPT REVIEW: Which micrograph shows bacillus bacteria? A B C

BACTERIA FUNCTION & REPRODUCTION

Not All Bacteria Are Bad!!!

Bacteria Function � Bacteria have a variety of important uses: o Decompose organic matter (recycle nutrients from dead organisms) o Human health (bacteria on skin help prevent infection & bacteria in gut helps digest food & make vitamins)

Bacteria Function o Help make food (buttermilk, yogurt, cheese, pickles, and olives) o Nitrogen fixation (chemically changes nitrogen gas, N 2, into ammonia, NH 3, so plants can make amino acids) o Bio. Technology (used to make antibiotics, insulin)

Bacteria Reproduction � Binary Fission: asexual; cell splits into 2 identical cells. � Conjugation: cells exchange info through pilus. genetic

Bacteria Form Endospores � If conditions are unfavorable, forming an endospore allows bacteria to remain dormant until conditions are favorable again.

Some Bacteria Bad!!! � Some bacteria cause diseases like Strep throat, pneumonia & food poisoning � Controlling the growth of bacteria 1) Antibiotics 2) Vaccines