Bacteria Kingdom MoneranEubacteria Kingdom Archaea Characteristics Single Celled

Bacteria Kingdom: Moneran(Eubacteria) Kingdom: Archaea

Characteristics: • Single Celled Organisms- but can arrange in groups

Characteristics, con’t • No membrane bound organelles • DNA is circular • Have cell walls and cell membrane

Characteristics, con’t. • Some photosynthesize, some don’t

Characteristics, con’t. • Some have a capsule – for attachment

Characteristics, con’t • Some have cilia – short hair-like structures for movement • Some have flagella – whip-like structure for movement

Can be classified by oxygen needs • Aerobes – MUST have oxygen to live • Anaerobe – can live without oxygen aerobic soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Anerobic -Salmonella typhi

Bacteria Shapes • Cocci-round/sphere • Bacilli – rods • Spirilla – spiral/corkscrew

Bacteria Reproduction • Asexual by binary fission • Sexual – pili then fission (conjugation)

Two types of bacteria • Eubacteria (true bacteria – Bad Eubacteria • Pathogens – cause disease • Produce Toxins- poisons produced by bacterial – Botulism – extreme food poisoning Wound botulism of compound fracture of right arm

Bad Eubacteria, con’t • Endospores – thick wall that allows bacteria to survive hundreds of years or more

Good Eubacteria Bacteria • Saprophytes – uses dead material as food Bacteria breakdown sewage

Good Eubacteria Bacteria, con’t • Live in or on body, kill bad bacteria

Good Eubacteria Bacteria, con’t • Nitrogen fixing bacteria – captures nitrogen in the air so plants and animals can use it

Good Eubacteria Bacteria, con’t • Cyanobacteria – Producers – make own food(photosynthesize) – Are green/blue; may be yellow, black/red (Red Sea) – May live in colonies – Cause Blooms

Archeobacteria • Existed for billions of years • Found in extreme conditions – Thermophiles – Acidophiles – Halophiles

Pasteurization • Heating food to kill bacteria – then cooled quickly. • Developed by Louis Pasteur