Bacteria Group 4 Sammi Hunter Adeanna Aidan Overview

Bacteria Group #4: Sammi, Hunter, Adeanna, Aidan

Overview • Binary Fission • Endospore • Conjugation • Meiosis • Spreading of diseases • Antibiotics • MRSA • Bacteria's resistance to drugs

Binary Fission AC • Prokaryotic replication • Does not involve exchange of genetic information • Double in size • Replicates DNA • Produces two identical cells

Endospore AC • Prokaryotic replication • Has a thick wall • The wall encircles the DNA and a part of the cytoplasm • Can survive for months to years • Prokaryotes survive hard conditions

Eukaryotic process of Mitosis AC • Parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells • In the Nucleus • Uses the process of Cellular Division

Eukaryotic process of Mitosis AC • Single-cell organisms reproduce by dividing • Interphase takes up most of the cell cycle • Increased numbers of chromosomes • Replication, segregation, and cytokinesis occur

HV Conjugation v 2 prokaryotes exchange genetic information by conjugation v. A hollow bridge forms v. Plasmids transfer genetic information

HV Importance's of Conjugation v. Adapt to new environments v. Able to survive from fatal antibiotics v. Helps bacteria evolve

HV Eukaryotic process of Meiosis • Chromosomes creates copy of itself before meiosis • Parent cell divides twice • Produces 4 similar haploid daughter cells

HV Eukaryotic process of Meiosis • Produces sex cells or gametes • Contains half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell • Includes recombination/crossing over

Sammi Rae How do diseases spread? • Destroying living cells • Releasing chemicals that disrupt homeostasis • Destroy affected cells & tissues • Tissue damage provoke response from immune system

Sammi Rae What do we use antibiotics to treat? • Penicillin & Tetracycline • Block bacterial growth & reproduction • Disrupt proteins or cell process

Sammi Rae Amoxicillin • Treat bacterial infections • Killing bacteria -> preventing growth • Bloating, chest pain, bleeding gums • Anaphylaxis • UTI, strep throat, pneumonia

Sammi Rae Azithromycin • Treat certain bacterial infections • Killing bacteria -> preventing growth • Back, leg, or stomach pains • Bronchitis, pneumonia, STD

MRSA (AH) • It can cause infections which are hard to control • The is real name Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus • resistant to antibiotics

MRSA (AH) • Symptoms=a boil of puss, a spot that is painful when touched, a bump that is red, swollen, and hot • Treatments=Methicillin, Linezolid, Mupirocin, Daptomycin, etc. • Hospital Problems=pneumonia, bloodstream infection, and surgical site infections

"Superbugs" (AH) • They transfer drug-resistant genes from one bacterium to another • The superbugs are resistant to whole groups of antibiotics • No antibiotics today can harm superbugs

How Bacteria can develop resistance to drugs? (AH) • Evolution helped bacteria become more resistant to drugs • Antibiotics led to a process of natural selection of bacteria • The bacteria survive and multiply to reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of the antibiotics

What is the offspring of Binary Fission? AC • A. Identical to parent • B. Completely unidentical to parent • C. 1 identical daughter cell • D. 1 unidentical daughter cell

In what kind of cells does Mitosis occur? AC • A. Blood Cells • B. Prokaryotic • C. Somatic and Eukaryotic cells • D. Mitochondria

HV abcd

Sammi Rae Diseases are caused by Releasing chemicals that disrupt. . . • A; Mitosis • B; Meiosis • C; Homeostasis • D; Cell division C

Sammi Rae What do we use antibiotics to treat? • A; Kill infected sex cells & gametes • B; Block bacterial growth & reproduction • C; Fight infections that are hard to control • D; Destroy infected cells wall B