Bacteria Domain Bacteria and Archaea Kingdom Eubacteria and

















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Bacteria Domain: Bacteria and Archaea Kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria (previously Monera) Crash Course: Bacteria Video 1

Characteristics Lack nucleus and organelles (prokaryotic) l Usually smaller than eukaryotic cells l Single cells but can form strands or clumps l Single circular piece of DNA l Reproduce by binary fission l l Can divide every 20 minutes l Limited food source reduces actual rate of division 2

Characteristics l Flagella that spins for movement l Some have pili l Shorter and thicker than flagella l Used for attachment www. ou. edu/class/pheidole/bacteria. html l Aerobic or anaerobic metabolism 3

Classification of Bacteria l Ways Bacteria are classified l Shape – most common way to classify l Arrangement (Number/ size) l Food requirements l Oxygen requirements l How they move/number of flagella l Cell wall composition (gram staining) l Method of reproduction – rarely used 4

Bacterial Shapes l Bacillus = rod l Coccus = round l Spirillum = spiral 5

Bacterial Arrangement l Diplococcus = 2 round bacteria cells l Streptococcus = chains of round bacteria l Staphylococcus = cluster of round bacteria l Tetrad = 4 round bacteria in a square 6

Bacterial Arrangement l Diplobacillus = pairs of rod shaped bacteria l Streptobacillus = chains of rod shaped bacteria 7

Bacteria Facts Bacteria is everywhere l The number of bacteria in the human mouth is greater than the number of people who ever lived on the earth. l Bacteriologist is a scientist who studies bacteria. l Bacteria is grown in a lab as a culture with nutrient agar (food source). l 8

Gram Staining Used to identify the type of bacteria present l Used to determine the best antibiotic needed to kill the bacteria l Antibiotic = interferes with the life processes of bacteria l l Alexander Fleming – penicillin inventor 9

Why are bacteria so resistant? l Endospores = thick walls around bacteria during harsh conditions l Ex- low nutrients, drought, high temperatures, low temperature, etc. l Endospores will open up when conditions become more favorable. 10

Bacteria Structure l Draw a bacterial cell. Label cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes, flagella, pili, capsule, cell wall, cell membrane Capsule = purple outer layer 11

Obtaining Energy (nutrition) 1. 2. Photosynthetic = makes own food Heterotrophs = obtain food from another source a. b. Saprophytes = Eat dead organisms Symbiotic relationships = live in close association with another organism l Mutualism = both organisms are helped l l Example= sheep & cows have bacteria in stomach to aid in grass digestion Parasitism = one is helped; other is harmed l Host = organism that is harmed 12

Obtaining energy (nutrition) 3. Chemoautotrophs l l Use inorganic compounds such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide to make food Use organic compounds such as methane to make food 13

Respiration Obligate aerobes - require oxygen l Obligate anaerobes – require no oxygen; oxygen will poison the bacteria and kill it l l Botulism – produces toxins in improperly canned foods l Facultative anaerobes – can function with or without oxygen but will not be poisoned by the presence of oxygen 14

Economic Importance l Pathogenic – disease causing l Examples: tuberculosis, anthrax, bubonic plague, cholera, dental cavities, lyme disease, typhus, strep throat, acne, tetanus, stomach ulcers l Food Poisoning l Botulism l E. l coli (ground beef) Food spoilage 15

Economic Importance Biowarfare l Food Production l l Pickles, buttermilk, cheese, sauerkraut, olives, vinegar, sourdough bread, sausage l Make chemicals l Acetone, l Mining l Extracts l butane, medicines minerals from impure sources Clean up petroleum and chemical spills 16

Preventing Food Spoilage Refrigeration l Freezing l Drying l Salting l Canning l Heating thoroughly l 17
What are photoautotrophs
Chapter 27 bacteria and archaea
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Bacteria vs archaea vs eukarya
Alicia pieczka
Protists vs archaea
Old kingdom middle kingdom new kingdom
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Mentohotep
Archaea kingdom examples
Yersinia pestis kingdom archaebacteria or eubacteria
Unicellular fungi examples
Archaea kingdom
Eubacteria true bacteria
Kingdom monera archaebacteria
Describe the characteristics of the eubacteria kingdom.
Kingdom plantae chart