Bacteria Classification and Structure 2 Types Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Bacteria: Classification and Structure

2 Types Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Producers and Consumers Some Bacteria use energy from the sun to make their own food- producers. Some Bacteria use energy from inorganic chemicals to make food- producers Producers-make food on their own Consumers- obtain food in many different ways ex: decay dead organisms parasites.

Classification of Bacteria Archaebacteria: extremists Eubacteria: • Heterotrophs • Photosynthetic autotrophs • Chemosynthetic autotrophs

Archaebacteria- anaerobe Live in extreme locations: • Oxygen-free environments • Concentrated salt-water • Hot, acidic water

Eubacteria - Heterotrophs Found everywhere Parasites: live off of other organisms Saprobes: live off of dead organisms or waste (recyclers)

Eubacteria: Photosynthetic Autotrophs Photosynthetic: make their own food from light Cyanobacteria: blue-green, yellow, or red ponds, streams, moist areas

Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances like sulfur and nitrogen Make nitrogen in the air usable for plants {Very Important}

Classifying by Structure of Bacteria Two parts to Bacteria Structure: • Arrangement • Shape

Arrangement Paired: diplo Grape-like clusters: staphylo Chains: strepto

Shape Rod: bacillus Spheres: coccus Spirals: spirillum

Examples Streptococcus: chains of spheres Staphylospirillum: Grapelike clusters of spirals Streptobacillus: Chains of rods

Aerobe- use oxygen for respiration Anaerobe- can live without oxygen!!

Structure and Function All bacteria are considered to be prokaryotic Why? Some are found by themselves, others can only live in a large group Much smaller than plant and animal cells One theory is that Mitochondria was bacteria which is why it contains a little DNA

Bacteria- contain cytoplasm, surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall. DNA is found in cytoplasm. Thick gel like capsule surrounds cell wall to protect bacteria Some contain a flagella. Can form endospores- when conditions are bad they can become dormant.

Bacteria locomotion Some bacteria have flagella or cilia for movement Some secrete a slime layer and ooze over surfaces like slugs

Helpful Bacteria vs Harmful Helpful- antibiotics- some bacteria produce chemicals called antibiotics that limit the growth or kill other bacteria in order to survive- we use this chemical to kill harmful bacteria in our bodies. Bacteria found in our intestines help us digest food and produce vitamin K (prevents blood clots) Bacteria on our hands- fight off bad bacteria

Harmful- Pathogens- any organism that causes disease. Vaccine- made from particles taken from damaged bacterial cell walls or dead bacteria. This causes us to be immune (hence it’s called an immunization) Toxins- poison produced by bacteria Ex: Botulism (canned food is now sterilized by because of anaerobic endospores)

Pasteurization Process used to kill most harmful bacteria and give food a longer shelf life Ex: milk, fruit juices Bacteria also aids in the production of cheese and yogurt and other foods.

Many other industries also rely on bacteria Bacteria and their byproducts are cultivated in bioreactors. Bioreactors are used to make medicines, vitamins, alcohol, cleansers, adhesives, food thickeners, oil eating bacteria, sewage treatment plants