Bacteria An introduction What do bacteria look like

Bacteria An introduction

What do bacteria look like?

Answer the following: • • What kingdom does bacteria belong to? Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic? Are they unicellular or multicellular? Are they eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Where are bacteria found? • With a partner write down as many places you think they might be • Now, narrow it down just to places in school.

Bacteria Lab • With your partner, you will be testing 3 places for bacteria. • Write those three down on your lab paper. • Once approved you will be given testing apparatus

Testing Apparatus • Petri Dish – Put your name on the top – Divide the other side into 4 quads • Cotton Swabs (4) • Beaker of water

Day Drawing 1= 2= 3= 4= Prediction

Kingdom Prokaryota • Includes two types of bacteria: – Eubacteria & Archaebacteria • Can live just about anywhere, depending upon the species

Two new kingdoms? ? • Eubacteria – Large variety – Live in many different places • Archaebacteria – Ancient bacteria – Live in extremely harsh places that would kill most other organisms

Types of Archaebacteria • Thermoacidophiles – Live in hot, acidic places • Halophiles – Live in very salty areas • Methanogens – Anaerobic, produce methane as a byproduct – Decomposers – Often found in rumens

Characteristics of Eubacteria • Remember they are prokaryotic – Prokaryotic cell type (no nucleus) – Single Celled – Heterotrophic or Autotrophic • • • Cell Wall of Peptidoglycan Cell Membrane DNA in a ring (plasmid)

Extra Structures • Aids the survival of the bacteria • Not all bacteria have each one of these • Capsule – Hard outer covering • Flagella – Single hair-like whip – Aids in motion • Endospore – Hard shell around DNA

Notorious • Bacteria are known to cause sickness, disease, decay, etc. • But they are not all bad all of the time.

Good? • Decomposers – recycle materials • Nitrogen Fixation – Atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia • Food Products – (cheese & yogurt) • Oxygen production

Cyanobacteria § Photosynthetic § autotrophic § § § Aquatic Ancient Often called “blue-green algae” § This is incorrect! § Algae is a plant, but cyanobacteria is a bacterium

Cyanobacteria Lab #1 Spirogyra #3 Oscillatoria § Fold paper twice to create four quadrants § Label each quadrant: § § #1 Spirogyra #2 Nostoc #3 Oscillatoria #4 Anabeana § Work with a partner § Draw and describe what you see! #2 Nostoc #4 Anabeana

Cyanobacteria Lab § Answer the following questions based on your observations: § Which of the cyanobacteria has a gel-like capsule? § Are these cyanobacteria unicellular or multi-cellular? § What might be 2 reasons these cyanobacteria are good for the earth? § On the next slide tell which is which based on your observations.

A C B D