Bacteria Agenda Bacteria notes Bacteria video Bacteria questions

Bacteria Agenda: Bacteria notes Bacteria video Bacteria questions

What are the 6 Kingdoms? Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals

Archaebacteria Live in extreme locations: Oxygen-free environments Concentrated salt-water Hot, acidic water

Eubacteria Found everywhere Parasites: live off of other organisms Saprobes: live off of dead organisms or waste (recyclers) Streptococcus thermophilus in yogurt

Bacteria can be autotrophs or hetertrophs. Autotrophs: photosynthesis, sunlight for energy chemosynthesis, chemical for energy (found in ocean vents or toxic pools)

3 Shapes of Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups: Spiral: spirilla rod-shaped: bacilli, bacillus Round: cocci 6

7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell • Capsule • Cell wall • Ribosomes • Nucleoid • Flagella • Pilli • Cytoplasm 7

Reproduction of Bacteria • The time of reproduction depends on how desirable the conditions are • Bacteria can rapidly reproduce themselves in warm, dark, and moist conditions • Some can reproduce every 20 minutes (one bacteria could be an ancestor to one million bacteria in six hours) 8

Bacteria can reproduce sexually by conjugation or asexually by binary fission.

Bacteria Survival Endospore • a thick celled structure that forms inside the cell • they are the major cause of food poisoning • allows the bacteria to survive for many years • they can withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions • it encloses all the nuclear materials and some cytoplasm 10

Bacteria Survival Bacillus subtilis Endospore-the black section in the middle highly resistant structures can withstand radiation, UV light, and boiling at 120 o. C for 15 minutes. 11

Good bacteria Bad Bacteria

Controlling Bacteria • Sterilization • Refrigeration • Heat • Anibiotics

Harmful Bacteria Human tooth with accumulation of bacterial plaque (smooth areas) and calcified tartar (rough 14 areas)

Helpful Bacteria E. coli on small intestines 15

Helpful Bacteria • Decomposers help recycle nutrients into the soil for other organisms to grow • Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay • Most are used to make antibiotics • Some bacteria help make insulin • Used to make industrial chemicals 16

Helpful Bacteria • Used to treat sewage Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria, and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess. • foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in milk 17

Antibiotic Compounds that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Penicillin kills bacteria by making holes in their cell walls. Unfortunately, many bacteria have developed resistance to this antibiotic.

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Penicillin, an antibiotic, comes from molds of the genus Penicillium Notice the area of inhibition around the Penicillium.

Bacteria are prokaryotic and unicellular. Bacteria have cell walls. Bacteria have circular DNA called plasmids Bacteria can be anaerobes or aerobes. Bacteria are heterotrophs or autotrophs. Bacteria are awesome!

E. coli movement animation http: //www. hybridmedicalanimation. com/pages/ jjani_qt/ecoli_qt. html 23