Bacteria 2 Kingdoms of Bacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Ancient

Bacteria

2 Kingdoms of Bacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria • • Ancient Bacteria Oldest living cells on Earth Can’t survive in oxygen Extreme Environments. Volcanoes, Hot Springs, Salt. Water Kingdom Bacteria True Bacteria Single Celled No Nucleus or Organelle DNA- 1 Strand -turns on and off • Microscopic • •

Parts of a Bacteria Cell • Flagella- tail like structure used for movement. • Chromosomes & DNAstores hereditary information. • Cell Wall- protection

Shapes of Bacteria • Cocci- round • Bacilli- oval shaped • Spirilla- long and skinny

Combinations of Shapes 1. Strepto- Chains 2. Staph- Clusters

Bacteria Cell Reproduction • Binary Fission- division of bacteria by splitting into 2 identical cells from 1 parent cell. • Asexual Reproduction

Helpful Bacteria 1. Food- develops acids to turn into different tastes and smells. - Ex. Cheese, Sauerkraut, Vinegar, Yogurt *Pasteurization- Louis Pasteur, heating to high temps and cooling slowing bacteria growth. 2. Aids Animal Digestion (Symbiosis) – Bacteria gets food and shelter – Helps animals break down plant sugars

Helpful Bacteria Continued 3. Enhances Plant Growth- takes nitrogen from the air and brings it into the soil. 4. Industry - Alcohol- Fermentation Process (acetone) - Oil Eating- Used to clean oil spills. 5. Genetic Engineering - Insulin

Harmful Bacteria 1. Disease Causing Examples -MRSA -Meningitis -Infections - Tuberculosis - Bubonic Plague - Salmonella - E. coli

2. Causes Food Spoilage Controlling Bacteria 1. Cold Temperatures. Refrigerator/ Freezer 2. Salt- removes moisture 3. Petri Dish Killing Bacteria 1. Disinfectant- chemicals 2. Fire 3. Sterilization- Boiling water 4. Antibodies

Antibiotic Resistance • Antibiotic- chemicals used to kill microorganisms. • Examples - Penicillin - Streptomycin - Augmentin - Ampicillin - Bacitracin • Antibiotic Resistanceability of a bacteria to tolerate antibiotics.