Bacteria 2 Kingdoms EUBACTERIA ARCHAEBACTERIA PROKARYOTES very small
Bacteria • 2 Kingdoms- EUBACTERIA & ARCHAEBACTERIA • PROKARYOTES (very small) • UNICELLULAR • Eubacteria classified by their shape • Archaebacteria classified by the habitat
Bacteria CONT. • Most reproduce by BINARY FISSION (asexual) • Some reproduce by CONJUGATION (sexual) • • • Autotrophs – chemoautotrophs, photoautotrophs Heterotrophs- decomposers, fermentation Some bacteria have flagella/flagellum for movement Some have pili to help the bacteria attach An endospore protects some bacteria from its environment • CELL WALL – Archaebacteria cell wall composition varies – Eubacteria cell wall made of peptidoglycan
Importance of Bacteria • Fix Nitrogen • Allow for nutrient recycling/eat oil • Used in FOOD production – Cheese, pickles, yogurt, etc. • Can be used to produce HORMONES • ANTIBIOTICS • Produce OXYGEN=Cyanobacteria like Abena are photosynthetic autotrophs
Bacteria & Disease • • M. tuberculosis C. tetani T. pallidum C. botulinum E. coli Streplococcus Staphylococcus Abena • • • Tuberculosis Bubonic Plague Tetanus Lyme Disease Pneumonia Some STD’s Botulism Strep throat Salmonella
Gram+ Streptococcus Causes Tooth Decay Gram. E. coli
3 Bacterial Shapes Coccus=spherical shape Bacillus=rod shape Diplo= bacteria arranged in pairs Spirillum=sprial shape Staphylo= bacteria looks like grapes Strepto= bacteria in chains
3 Groups • Animal-like Prostists – Called PROTOZOANS classified by how they move. Heterotrophs • Plant-like Protists – Called ALGAE classified by their photosynthetic pigments. Autotrophs • Fungus-like Protists – Classified by their reproduction heterotrophs/decomposers
METHODS OF MOVEMENT for Protozoa (Animal Like Protists) • Flagella – long, whiplike structure • Cilia – short hairlike structures • Pseudopods – False feet – Flowing extensions of cell body
METHODS OF REPRODUCTION • Mitosis (Asexual) – Simple division into two identical cells (binary fission) • Meiosis (Sexual) – Nucleus divides by meiosis then two paramecia exchange nuclear material (conjugation)
DISEASES CAUSED BY PROTISTS • Malaria is caused by Plasmodium • Potato Famine caused by water mold Examples * Ameoba, algae, water molds
• • General Characteristics Eukaryotic Most multicellular Heterotrophic decomposers Classified by how they reproduce – Create spores (asexual and sexual stages) – Budding and Fragmentation (asexual)
Structures/Adaptations • • • Hyphae Rhizoids Mycelium Cap Cell wall of chitin
morels yeast
Athlete’s foot toadstools Ringworm mushrooms puffballs
Plantae KINGDOM
General Characteristics • Multicellular & Eukaryotic • Reproduce by spores (Alt. of Generations) some by seeds • Chlorophyll • Autotrophic (Photosynthesis) • Thick CELL WALL made of CELLULOSE
Structures/Adaptations • Roots=anchor plant • Seeds= plant embryo • Leaves= increase surface area for photosynthesis • Vascular tissues = contain xylem & phloem to transport water and nutrients • Flowers= attract insects for pollination – Contain stamens (male) & pistil (female)
Classification of Plants • Based on their reproduction & their presents of vascular tissues • Three Main Groups – Non. Vascular Non. Seed – Vascular Seed
Animalia
General Characteristics • Multicellular & Eukaryotic • Classified as Invertebrates (no backbone) or Vertebrates (with a backbone) • Heterotrophic – Carnivores, Omnivores, Herbivores, Scavengers, Filter Feeders
Animals Continued • Most reproduce sexually – Internal (cats) or external fertilization (fish) – Some are hermaphrodites (worms) • Some have asexual means of reproduction – Budding – Fragmenation – Regenergation – Parthenogenesis
Adaptations/Structures • • • Some use metaphorphosis Fur Feathers Opposable thumbs Teeth Venom Stingers Exoskeleton Scales Gills
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