Backup and Recovery Optimization For IBM i BRMS

Storage Technology Group Using the right balance of high density tape and high performance disk is the solution. . . • Long Term Retention • Cost effective capacity • Removable & transportable • Compliance • Meet financial & regulatory requirements • Data encryption, WORM 2 • Short Term Retention • Use disk for daily backup & restore operations • Performance • Fast backups • Even faster restores • Meet “backup windows” © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Diligent / IBM : Deduplication Innovation and Leadership 2003 2004 6 Ph. Ds begin researching massively scalable 2005 2006 First Deduplication Virtual Tape Library deployed into production 2007 2009 First single node system to store over 1 PB of deduplicated data deduplication algorithms First non-hash deduplication algorithm developed, designed for 100% data integrity 2008 First to deliver VTL solutions for both Open and Mainframe environments 2011 2010 Fastest single node inline The only “true” deduplication enterprise-class solution deduplication solution on the IBM acquires First market today Diligent Deduplication solution for First true System z IBM’s first clustered system midrange with Global solution released Deduplication First to deliver Many-to-Many replication Fastest restore speed – up to 2800+ MB/sec ! § Installed in all major industries – Over 2, 000 Protec. TIER systems sold to date – Over 100 PB of physical disk capacity behind Protec. TIER servers protecting thousands of PBs of backup data – Production systems range in size from 4 TB to over 900 TB – More than 30 customers managing more than 1 PB; many more managing over 100 TB 3 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group TS 7650 G Protec. TIER = VTL Virtual Tape Library FC TS 7650 G IBM i LPAR Disk Array § Software solution that resides on standard Linux server § Emulates a tape library unit, including drives, cartridges and robotics § Uses FC-attached disk array as the backup medium 4 15 -Sep-21 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER – How it all works New Data Stream Repository Memory Resident Index FC Switch Disk Arrays TS 7650 G i. Series LPARs “Filtered” data 5 15 -Sep-21 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group * Protec. TIER Conceptual Flowchart New backup data Locate pattern (RAM search) Memory index Read similar pattern from repository Repository data 2: 1 Store new backup “delta” Compute “delta” 6 LZH 15 -Sep-21 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Protec. TIER Product Line © 2007 IBM Corporation

IBM TS 7600 Protec. TIER® Family TIER c e t o y r 0 G P Gatewa 5 6 7 n o TS icati l p est u High ance Ded Same Protec. TIER Code Base ation c i l p Dedu R E I tec. T Express o r P ce 20 TS 76 Applian nce rma o f r Pe ity High apac C h e Hig orag t S ible Flex e manc r o f r Pe Good y pacit a C y Entr ent vestm n I Low 35 TB – 6 rom ble F a l a c S ci t y Capa and rm P e rf o orm Perf ty paci a C t es Larg ity labil i a v A High ance Single Node Active-Active Cluster Up to 2600/3200 MB/sec 1 PB useable Up to 1600/2200 MB/sec 1 PB useable Single Node Up to 300 MB/sec 6 TB, 12 TB, 23 TB, 35 TB Useable 8 Protect More. Store Less. ® © 2013 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group IBM TS 7650 G Single Node Gateway § Powerful and Flexible solution, featuring: § IBM Protec. TIER software with patented Hyper. Factor™ deduplication technology § IBM System x Server – multi-core server for enterpriselevel performance § Supports both IBM & Non-IBM disk TS 7650 G Protec. TIER Deduplication Gateway § IBM V 7000 Storwize, DS 8000, XIV § HDS, EMC and others § And delivers: § Up to 1600/2000 MB/sec backup/restore § Up to 25 times or more data reduction § Scalable to 1 PB physical capacity § Enterprise-class data integrity 9 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group TS 7650 G – details by slot Slot Port 7 Top S 7 p 1 FC SAN 7 Bottom S 7 p 2 FC SAN 6 Top S 6 p 1 FC SAN 6 Bottom S 6 p 2 FC SAN 5 Top Eth 0 Customer network 5 Top – Middle Bottom Eth 1 Eth 2 Internal network (activepassive bond with Eth 8) Replication Eth 3 RAS 5 5 10 Use 4 Empty 3 Empty 2 Top S 2 p 1 FC TAN 2 Bottom S 2 p 2 FC TAN 1 Top S 1 p 1 FC TAN 1 Bottom S 1 p 2 FC TAN O 4 Onboard Eth 8 O 5 Onboard Eth 9 Internal network (activepassive bond with Eth 1) Replication September 15, 2021 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group HW Specs: IBM Xseries model 3958 -DD 5 • 4 x Intel® Xeon® E 7 -4860 (Westmere) • 10 core 2. 26 GHz 24 MB Cache 130 w processors • 64 GB RAM • 16 x 4 GB DIMMs spread evenly across 8 memory cards • (performance memory configuration) • 2 x Dual port Qlogic 8 Gb FC HBAs • (for FC connectivity to repository storage) • 2 x Dual Port Emulex LPe 12002 8 Gb FC HBAs • (for FC connectivity to backup servers) • Intel Ethernet Quad Port Server Adapter I 340 -T 4 • 1 x Serve. RAID M 5015 SAS / SATA controller and battery backup unit • 2 x 600 GB 10 K RPM 6 Gb/s SFF SAS internal boot drives • RAID 1 mirror for internal boot drives 11 September 15, 2021 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group TS 7650 G Gateway Dual-Node Cluster § Our most Powerful and Flexible solution: § IBM Protec. TIER software with patented Hyper. Factor™ deduplication technology § 2 IBM System x Servers – multi-core servers for maximum performance & availability § Supports both IBM & Non-IBM disk § IBM V 7000 Storwize, DS 8000, XIV § HDS, EMC and others § And delivers: TS 7650 G Protec. TIER Deduplication Cluster § Up to 2500/3200 MB/sec backup/restore § True active-active cluster technology § Two nodes working together as one repository § Easily manageable yet highly scalable 12 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group TS 7650 G – Protec. TIER Deduplication Gateway, Clustered FC Switch TS 7650 G x 2 2 Node Cluster Backup Arrays i. Series § Active-active true clustered nodes § High capacity, highly scalable § High performance (2500 MB/s !) § § Highly available Easily manageable Ø two nodes working together Ø one repository 13 15 -Sep-21 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER Cluster Architecture Overview PTManager i. Series LPAR Cluster: My. Cluster Node A Node B Single Virtual Library Image Internal Network Protec. TIER Gateway 1 Protec. TIER Gateway 2 Repository • Standard Linux GFS • LUNs presented to both nodes • Meta. Data File. Systems • User. Data File. Systems 14 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Up to 16 virtual libraries; 512 virtual drives Node. A Node.

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER = Massive Scalability & Configurability Property Per Repository 3958 -DD 5 Single Node 3958 -DD 5 Dual Node Max Virtual Tape Libraries 16 16 Max Virtual Tape Drives 256 512, 000 64 128 Max Cartridges Max Replication Streams Property Per Library 3958 -DD 5 Max Cartridges 62, 000 Max Slots 62, 000 Max Import/Export slots 16 1022 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Protec. TIER Appliance Express TS 7620 Capacity Options 6 TB 12 TB 23 TB 35 TB Enables users to easily scale capacity requirements to effectively meet capacity increases. Same enterprise-proven Protec. TIER technology Performance: SM 2 Backup Restore VTL, OST, FSI 300 MB/s 390 MB/s Single-stream throughputs 120 – 200 MB/s 17 Protect More. Store Less. ® © 2013 IBM Corporation

Systems & Technology Group, Storage TS 7620 Appliance Hardware Building Block § Integrated Server, Storage and Protec. TIER Deduplication software – – 3 U Enclosure fits in standard 19” rack Storage: Twelve 2 TB NL SAS Drives**, RAID 6 Server: 6 -core Intel Xeon E 5645 Westmere 2. 4 GHz processor** Memory – 48 GB RAM** ** = NEW © 2013 IBM Corporation

Systems & Technology Group, Storage TS 7620 = server model 3958 -SM 2 • 2 x 8 GB FC ports for host connectivity per server • 2 x 1 Gb Copper Protec. TIER Native replication • 2 x 1 Gb Copper Ethernet for customer network © 2013 IBM Corporation

Systems & Technology Group, Storage SM 2 Expansion Options § 20 Can add either

Systems & Technology Group, Storage 3959 -SM 2 Expansion Details GA was on Feb 5, 2013 1 st expansion will go to 23 TB: will produce a total of 21 TB usable will consist of 1 additional 2 u expansion tray will increase aggregate speeds to 220/260/200 MB/s for backup/restore/replication respectively 2 nd expansion will go to 35 TB: will produce a total of 31. 5 TB usable will consist of 1 additional 2 u expansion tray will increase aggregate speeds to 300/360/300 MB/s for backup/restore/replication respectively © 2013 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER Performance Recap: Massively Scalable Single node Backup Single node Restore Dual node backup Dual node Restore Single Stream VTL 1600 MB/s 2200 MB/s 2600 MB/s 3200 MB/s 220 MB/s OST 1500 MB/s 2000 MB/s 2300 MB/s 2400 MB/s 180 MB/s FSI 700 MB/s N/A 75 MB/s Single node Backup Single node Restore Single Stream VTL, OST 350 MB/s 90 MB/s CIFS 300 MB/s 250 MB/s 80 MB/s NFS 250 MB/s 180 MB/s 75 MB/s DD 5 SM 2 22 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Protec. TIER Replication © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Replication with Protec. TIER Primary Site Represented capacity LPAR Protec. TIER Gateway NBU Clients Physical capacity LPAR PT-server based replication Secondary Site Represented capacity DR NBU Clients i. Series HA HW 24 Protec. TIER Gateway Physical capacity 15 -Sep-21 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Replication Benefits • Protec. TIER’s replication takes advantage of transport the dramatic § Bytechnology eliminating the need to physically actual reduction in disk capacity bydata De-duplication to reduce the tapeprovided cartridges, can be recovered faster and costs associated with electronically transmitting backup data online from more reliably enabling systems to get back remote office or multiple dataincenters to of a acentral quicker the event disasterlocation or majorfor system Disaster Recovery purposes. outage. • It can also lower the total cost of ownership by eliminating the costs associated with moving and storing physical tape cartridges and dramatically reducing the amount of bandwidth associated with electronically transmitting backup data to a remote location. © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER Replication “Visibility Switch” § Protec. TIER Visibility Switch works excellently with BRMS § Takes advantage of the BRMS concept of a single domain (network) – centralized BRMS catalog – shared among all LPARs – each LPAR can update the BRMS catalog § Very useful for geographically distributed operations – a must-have for dual data center operations § Can also leverage the Visibility Switch Mechanism for i. Series customers to allow for DR Testing § The next slides depict the Visibility Switch mechanism 26 September 15, 2021 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Initial NDC SDC LPAR-A LPAR-B SDC_Protec. TIER NDC_Protec. TIER Shelf VTL A Shelf VTL B Tape Drives AA 0000 AA 0001 27 Slots imp/exp Slots IBM Confidential: Internal Discussion Document September 15, 2021 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Backup NDC SDC LPAR-A LPAR-B SDC_Protec. TIER NDC_Protec. TIER Shelf VTL A Tape Drives 28 AA 0000 AA 0001 Shelf VTL B Tape Drives Slots imp/exp Slots IBM Confidential: Internal Discussion Document September 15, 2021 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Backup + Replication NDC SDC LPAR-A LPAR-B SDC_Protec. TIER NDC_Protec. TIER Shelf Tape Drives VTL A Shelf AA 0000 AA 0001 VTL B Tape Drives Replication 29 Slots imp/exp Slots IBM Confidential: Internal Discussion Document September 15, 2021 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Backup Done: Eject + Replication NDC SDC LPAR-A LPAR-B SDC_Protec. TIER NDC_Protec. TIER Shelf VTL A Shelf AA 0000 AA 0001 Tape Drives VTL B Tape Drives Replication Slots imp/exp Slots 30 Slots AA 0000 AA 0001 IBM Confidential: Internal Discussion Document imp/exp Slots September 15, 2021 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Replication Done. Visibility Switch Takes Place at Time of Eject NDC SDC LPAR-A LPAR-B SDC_Protec. TIER NDC_Protec. TIER Shelf AA 0000 AA 0001 31 VTL A Shelf VTL B Tape Drives Slots imp/exp Slots IBM Confidential: Internal Discussion Document September 15, 2021 AA 0000 AA 0001 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group BRMS can now inject the tapes at SDC and restore, or dup to phys tape NDC SDC LPAR-A LPAR-B SDC_Protec. TIER NDC_Protec. TIER Shelf AA 0000 AA 0001 32 VTL A Shelf VTL B Tape Drives Slots imp/exp Slots IBM Confidential: Internal Discussion Document September 15, 2021 AA 0000 AA 0001 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Many-to-Many Replication Grid Site A Up to 4 hubs in a grid Site B Site C Backup Server Site D Protec. TIER Gateway Physical capacity Supports any combination of Gateways, Appliances, single or two-node clusters 33 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER Replication – Competitive Advantage – Scalability of performance AND capacity • Protec. TIER is up to 9 X’s faster in real customer environments • Protec. TIER requires fewer systems for any given workload – Inline Deduplication complementary to Replication • Allows replication to occur concurrently with backups • Post process products must wait for second phase to complete – Enterprise-class data integrity level at both sites • Protec. TIER not based on risky hashing algorithms – 100% IBM owned and controlled technology • IBM committed to enhancing deduplication capabilities for all platforms 34 15 -Sep-21 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Protec. TIER / i. Series Example Environments © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Example Config #1: Large Environment Storwize V 7000 NDC_Protec. TIER 8 Gb TAN T C P / I P Storwize V 7000 8 Gb TAN SDC_Protec. TIER 36 September 15, 2021 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Example Config #2: Medium Environment LPAR BOWPRD 01 12 port LPAR BOWBDW 01 Protec. TIER SM 2 – 11 TB (2 u) 8 Gb FC standard ethernet SAN switch Protec. TIER SM 2 – 11 TB (2 u) LPAR P-740 BOWDEV 01 Prod Site Protec. TIER Native TS 3100 – LTO 5 Replication TCP/IP DR Site TS 3100 – LTO 5 LPAR P-740 (CBU) Protec. TIER SM 2 – 11 TB (2 u) BOWPRD 01 10 port LPAR 8 Gb FC BOWBDW 01 SAN switch Protec. TIER SM 2 – 11 TB (2 u) © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Example Config #3: Medium Environment LPAR BOWPRD 01 10 port LPAR BOWBDW 01 8 Gb FC Protec. TIER SM 2+1 exp – 23 TB (4 u) standard ethernet SAN switch LPAR P-740 BOWDEV 01 Prod Site Protec. TIER Native TS 3100 – LTO 5 Replication DR Site Protec. TIER SM 2+2 exp – 35 TB (6 u) TCP/IP TS 3100 – LTO 5 LPAR P-740 (CBU) BOWPRD 01 8 port LPAR 8 Gb FC BOWBDW 01 SAN switch © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Example Config #4: Moving from direct attached tape. . . Tape 1 LPAR PROD FC 5774 LPAR P 1 P 2 Tape 2 P 1 DEV FC 5749 P 2 LPAR P 1 QA FC 5749 P 2 p 740 (8205 -E 6 B) Prod Site Tape 3 DR Site LPAR PROD DEV QA FC 5761 Tape 1 P 1 i 5 550 (9406 -550) © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group . . to SAN attached tape and Protec. TIER ! LPAR PROD FC 5774 LPAR P 1 P 2 P 1 DEV FC 5749 P 2 LPAR P 1 QA FC 5749 P 2 p 740 SAN Switch standard ethernet (8205 -E 6 B) Protec. TIER TS 7620 – 6 TB Protec. TIER Prod Site Native Replication DR Site TCP/IP LPAR PROD DEV QA FC 5761 SAN Switch P 1 standard ethernet i 5 550 (9406 -550) Protec. TIER TS 7620 – 6 TB © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Example Config #5: Large Environment with VIOS Local VIOS_1 Tape SAN VIOS_2 Disk SAN LPAR Local Protec. TIER TCP/IP Replication TCP/IP DUBLIN 1 Disk SAN LPAR DEV 05 P-595 DS 8800 LPAR Storwize V 7000 Tape SAN Generic DR config Disk SAN Remote Protec. TIER Disk SAN Storwize V 7000 P-595 DS 8800 TS 3500 – LTO 4 Remote © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Speed Results From 2012 Po. C of Protec. TIER with i.

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER with i. Series – sample customer industries 43 Customer Location Configuration Replication Dedupe Ratio Insurance TX DD 4 Gateways with V 7000 Disk No 24: 1 Retail PA DD 4 Gateways with DS 8300 Disk No 30: 1 Retail FL DD 4 Gateways with DS 4000 Disk Yes 19: 1 Retail OH DD 5 Clusters with V 7000 Disk Yes 27: 1 Retail VA DD 4 Clusters with V 7000 Disk Yes 15: 1 Courier PA/CO DD 4 Clusters with DS 8800 Disk Yes 15: 1 Application Service Provider MO TS 7650 Appliances No 9: 1 Pharma Distribution OH/IL DD 5 Clusters with V 7000 Disk Yes 24: 1 Drug Store Chain AZ/RI DD 5 Clusters with DS 8870 Disk Yes 18: 1 Retail NJ DD 5 Clusters with V 7000 Disk Yes 16: 1 Diversified Industrial NY/OH/GA/CA DD 5 Gateways with V 7000 Disk Yes 12: 1 Industrial Supplier NY/OH TS 7620 Appliances Yes 12: 1 Retail PA/WI TS 7620 Appliances Yes 18: 1 Courier KY/NJ TS 7650 Appliances Yes 12: 1 15 -Sep-21 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Protec. TIER Advantages with i. Series © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER with i. Series – FULL IBM SUPPORT and Testing • Supported with: • IOP’d fibre cards from V 5 R 4 onwards (2765, 5704, 5761) • IOPless fibre cards from IBM i 6. 1. 1 onwards • BRMS is strongly recommended • Tested with the same COMPREHENSIVE Test Buckets used for regular tape drives IBM Protec. TIER is the ONLY External Virtual Tape product that is tested and supported by IBM Rochester 45 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER = High Value for i. Series Environments § The ONLY officially supported external virtual tape for IBM i § i. Series backups dedupe VERY well (10: 1 up to 30: 1) – = massive data reduction for backups – = massive bandwidth reduction for replication of backups § Replication happens at the cartridge level – = seamless integration with BRMS § Very useful for geographically distributed operations – a must-have for dual data center operations § Looks, smells, tastes – just like physical tape to i. Series HW and BRMS 46 September 15, 2021 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER Advantage – Highest Data Integrity § Unique and patented Hyper. Factor® deduplication technology § The only production proven deduplication solution not based on a hash algorithm § Designed for 100% data integrity § Bit for bit comparison of data to ensure data is a duplicate § Can NEVER lose data due to a hash collision Although the chance of losing data from a hash collision is low, it is NOT ZERO as it is with a Protec. TIER solution 47 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER Advantage – Superior Restore Performance § Restoring data from a Protec. TIER solution is even FASTER than backing up § Protec. TIER can restore up to 3200 MB/s ! § High restore performance not limited to certain backup applications or specific data sets like other vendors § High restore performance achieved on real data with realistic 20% change rate in production environments § Never requires agents on backup servers Other vendor’s “CPU-centric” architectures are optimized for processing hashes not moving data 48 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER Advantage – Unmatched Scalability § A single Protec. TIER Gateway can support up to 1 Petabyte of useable capacity § Protec. TIER Gateway supports the use of most IBM storage systems (DS 8000, V 7000, etc. ) along with other vendors § IBM has thousands of Protec. TIER systems with over 100 TBs of useable capacity in production throughout the world § IBM always states “Useable Capacity” and never uses the deceptive “RAW capacity” terms like other vendors The hidden costs associated with managing, maintaining, powering and cooling multiple appliances is significant and should not be ignored! 49 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Protec. TIER Advantage – Global Deduplication § Protec. TIER Cluster with true Global Deduplication has been Generally Available and in production since 2008 § Supported with all major backup applications and available for all Open Systems, z. Series, and i. Series § No agents or backup server upgrades required § Other vendor’s Global Dedupe restricted to certain models, only with Net. Backup OST and require agents to be installed Many vendors claim to have Global Deduplication but create multiple separate repositories that may contain redundant data! 50 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group With Protec. TIER You Can…. § Store up to 25 times or more data on disk – 250 TB reduced to only 10 TB with enterprise class data integrity § Reduce backup and restore times – High speed inline backup data deduplication at up to 2600 MB/s; restores up to 3200 MB/s ! § Improve the reliability of backup operations – Eliminates mechanical & handling failures § Drive the cost of disk based backup down – Reduces energy, cooling, and space required § Increase data retention – Store more backup data on disk for a longer time with very little additional cost 51 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group 52 15 -Sep-21 © 2007 IBM Corporation

Storage Technology Group Trademarks and Disclaimers 8 IBM Corporation 1994 -2013. All rights reserved. References in this document to IBM products or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in every country. Trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both can be found on the World Wide Web at http: //www. ibm. com/legal/copytrade. shtml. Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel Speed. Step, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. Microsoft, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both. Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. Information is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. The customer examples described are presented as illustrations of how those customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics may vary by customer. Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from a supplier of these products, published announcement material, or other publicly available sources and does not constitute an endorsement of such products by IBM. Sources for non-IBM list prices and performance numbers are taken from publicly available information, including vendor announcements and vendor worldwide homepages. IBM has not tested these products and cannot confirm the accuracy of performance, capability, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capability of non-IBM products should be addressed to the supplier of those products. All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. Some information addresses anticipated future capabilities. Such information is not intended as a definitive statement of a commitment to specific levels of performance, function or delivery schedules with respect to any future products. Such commitments are only made in IBM product announcements. The information is presented here to communicate IBM's current investment and development activities as a good faith effort to help with our customers' future planning. Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput or performance improvements equivalent to the ratios stated here. Photographs shown may be engineering prototypes. Changes may be incorporated in production models. 53 15 -Sep-21 © 2007 IBM Corporation