BACKTRACKING BRIQUET LES FILIGRANES 1907 AND THE WATERMARKS
BACKTRACKING BRIQUET, LES FILIGRANES (1907) AND THE WATERMARKS OF LYON Ilaria Pastrolin University of Udine Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
CHARLES-MOÏSE BRIQUET Geneva, 30 th August 1839 – Geneva, 24 th January 1918 Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
LES FILIGRANES • The three editions that matter: 1907, 1923, 1968 (Jubilee edition) • 16. 112 watermarks in primary sequence • Approximately 30. 000 secondary references Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
Briquet was in Lyon approximately in 1887. Here is the first page concerning Lyon in his diary (BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE GENÈVE, Papiers Briquet 39). Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
MY RESEARCH Lyon, Archives Municipales: 113 primary references Lyon, Archives Départementales: 91 primary references February-September 2017. I sought out Briquet’s original watermarks and found 199 of them. Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
ONE CASE STUDY 10 G 114 = G 41 in Briquet Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
HISTORY OF THE DOCUMENT Acts of the Chapter of the Church of Saint John in Lyon, 1531 -1532, in the Archives départementales du Rhône et de la métropole de Lyon. Date given in Briquet: 1531. Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
Saint John’s Cathedral in Vieux Lyon Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
« En 1859, lorsque le préfet Vaïsse décida à nouveau de s'installer à l'hôtel de ville, les archives retournèrent dans les combles [where they remained until 1890] ; archives départementales et archives communales y étaient réunies, puisque Vaïsse cumulait les fonctions de préfet et de maire de Lyon » . Item « Archive » , in (4 N). l’Inventaire du fonds des bâtiments départementaux. Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
Archives départementales du Rhône et de la métropole de Lyon. New building of the 2014. Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
CODICOLOGICAL AND WATERMARK DESCRIPTION Unusually for a document in the Lyon archives, the manuscript contains a single pair of grape watermarks, i. e. Briquet 13158. Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
The structure of the manuscript – in Folio format – is as follows: • • ff. [I, II] = 1 non-numbered sheet ff. [III, IX], 1 ff. [X, XI] ff. 2 -49 ff. 50+51 ff. 52 -99 ff. 100+101 ff. 102 -111 Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
BRIQUET 13158 The twin watermarks are both placed in the left-hand side of the original moulds (i. e. in the right-hand side when the sheet is viewed from the mould side). They are distinguished as L and LL. L is present 28 times (45, 9%) LL is present 33 times (54, 1%) Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TWIN MOULDS Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
L LL Sheet dimensions (m) Ratio between the sides Position of the watermark on the sheet Left (Ms. R) Watermark type Grape (raisin) with the letters SB Percentage in the total number of sheets 45, 9% 54, 1% Difficulty in distinguishing the twins (1 to 10 scale) 0, 58 x 0, 41 1, 414 Left (Ms. R) 1 Height (mm) Width (mm) Distance between the watermark and the chain line on its left Distance between the watermark and the chain line on its right Distance between the watermark and the bottom of the sheet Distance between the watermark and the top of the sheet Watermark on a supplementary chain line (if yes: distance between the other ones) Distance between the chain lines (mm) 46 28 30 46 25 9 9 33 176 187 191 180 No No 33 -34 Number of chain lines in the sheet 16 16 Tranchefile Yes
WATERMARK DISTRIBUTION AND ANALYSIS Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
ARCHIVES DU DÉPARTEMENT DU RHÔNE ET DE LA MÉTROPOLE DE LYON, (10 G 114) Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
How do we tell them apart? In both the stem of the bunch of grapes points left. L has drifted over the left chain line; LL has drifted the other way. LL has lost its outer left-hand grape; L is still intact. In L the grape pressing onto the letter B is small; in LL it is large. Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
The distribution of the twin watermarks in the manuscript appears in the following simple table. Each line is a sheet of paper with the watermark in one half. Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
BRIQUET 13158 reproduces an L watermark. He seems to have traced it from the mould side. Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
In fact, the tracing in the Briquet archive at the Bibliothèque de Genève shows that he originally chose the felt side. Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
On the tracing, he wrote in pencil the place, the date, the name of the archive and the shelf-mark of the document, and the sheet dimensions with the annotation “rogné”. He also traces the density of the wirelines (22 in 20 mm in my measurement). The tracing informs us also about other manuscripts in which Briquet found this watermark: after noting “G 41” (= 10 G 114), he added “G 42 1533/38, G 43 1538/40, G 44 1542/47, G 45 1548/50, G 48 1556”. Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
In Les Filigranes, however, this information is synthesized as a “variante identique” and “Lyon 1533 -56”. Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
CONCLUSIONS These watermarks come with all the prestige and authority of Briquet’s still unsurpassed repertory. Going back to the archive, however, both to his original tracing and to the document he traced in order to find the original twin watermarks, makes identification a much solider proposition. Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
Twinship defines watermarks Vienna, 19 th-20 th October 2017 4 th International Conference. Watermarks in Digital Collections
- Slides: 26