Background to U S History Indian Maize Corn

Background to U. S. History • “Indian” • Maize (Corn) • Maya Aztec Empire

• • • Norsemen (Vikings) • Ferdinand Magellan Leif Erickson (1000) (1519) Islam (Moslems) Renaissance Humanism Henry the Navigator (1394 -1460) • Christopher Columbus • Spanish Reconquest (711 -1492)

• Hernando Cortes • Francisco Pizarro • Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 • John Cabot 1496 • Giovanni de Verrazano 1524 • Jacques Cartier • Henry Hudson 1609 • Crosby, The Columbian Exchange

Europeans and Africans to America • • Roanoke Island Sir Walter Raleigh “Proprietary Colonies” George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) • “Quit Rents” • Mercantilist Theory • Richard Hakluyt. , Discourse Concerning Western Planting (1584) • Martin Luther 1517 • “The Reformation” • Henry VIII • Church of England (Anglican) 1533

• • • Calvinists Joint Stock Company Jamestown 1607 “Headright” House of Burgesses 1619* John Rolfe Tobacco Indentured Servant Slavery- Jamestown 1619* • • • Puritans James I (1603 -1625) Charles I (1625 -1649) Mayflower 1620 Mayflower Compact

• Act of Toleration 1649 • Massachusetts Bay Company 1629 • Harvard University 1636 • Roger Williams Rhode Island 1644 • Thomas Hooker. Connecticut 1636 • Oliver Cromwell 1649 • Charles II 1660 -1684 • James II 1685 -1688 • “Glorious Revolution” 1688 -189 • William and Mary 1689 • Dominion of New England - Sir Edmund Andros 1685 • Salem Witch Trials • Anne Hutchinson Trial 1637

Colonial North America • Lords Proprietors of Carolina 1663 • Henry Hudson 1609 • New Netherland 1624 • New Amsterdam (New York) 1624 • William Penn • Quakers (Society of Friends)

• • Pennsylvania 1681 Philadelphia 1682 Georgia 1732 James Oglethorpe • The Navigation Acts 1660 -1672 • “Triangular Trade” • Molasses Act 1733 • Board of Trade and Plantations 1696 • Sir Robert Walpole“Salutary Neglect” • Samuel de Champlain • Quebec 1608 • Huron Indians • Jesuits

The French and Indian Wars: • • King William’s War 1689 -1697 Queen Ann’s War 1702 -1713 King George’s War 1744 -1748 French and Indian War 1754 -1763 • French and Indian War. Date 1754– 1763 Location North America Result. Treaty of Paris, British victory. Territorial changes Canada ceded to Great Britain Combatants France native allies: * Algonquin * Huron * Ojibwa * Ottowa * Shawnee Great Britain native allies: * Iroquois. Strength 3, 900 regulars 7, 900 militia 2, 200 natives (1759)50, 000 regulars and militia (1759)

• New Orleans 1718 • St Louis Cathedral (Below- a symbol of New Orleans: ) • Fort Duquesne 1754 • General James Braddock • George Washington • William Pitt 1758 • General James Wolfe • Treaty of Paris 1763

Background to Revolution • “Pennsylvania ‘Dutch’” • “Scotch-Irish” (Scots. Irish) • French Huguenots • “The Enlightenment” • John Locke • Deism • Freemasonry • “The Great Awakening” • George III 1760 • George Grenville 1763 -1765 • Revenue Act of 1764 (Sugar Act) • “Salutary Neglect”