Baby acoustics Eugeniusz Cyran KUL Lublin 1 Speech

Baby acoustics Eugeniusz Cyran KUL, Lublin 1

Speech chain Articulation | | | Articulatory Phonetics Propagation Perception Acoustic Phonetics Auditory Phonetics 2

Vowels - Articulatory parameters front central High i: back u: ɪ Mid ʊ ə e ɔ: ɒ ɜ: Low æ ʌ ɑ: 3

Consonants – articulatory parameters • Voicing: (voiced, voiceless) • Manner: (plosive, fricative, liquid, glide, etc. ) • Place: (labial, alveolar, palatal, velar, etc. ) 4

Basic acoustics 5

Vowels: periodic sounds • Amplitude (d. B) • Frequency (Hz) d. B = amount of displacement from rest position 1 Hz = 1 cycle per second (cps) F 0 (fundamental frequency = 1 st harmonic) 6

Harmonics are multiples of F 0 1 st 150 Hz 2 nd 300 Hz 3 rd 450 Hz 4 th 600 Hz 5 th 650 Hz 7

Power spectrum 8

What is schwa? F 1 F 2 F 3 9

Vocal tract produces formants… 10

[i: ] and [a: ] 11

bead, bid, bed, bad 12

Polish vowels 13

Describing vowels in terms of formants 14

Voicing in phonetics – aerodynamics of voicing – articulatory gestures – acoustic cues 15

Aerodynamic conditions on voicing P 1 > P 2 … … … oral and nasal exit Larynx and vocal cords sonorants P 1 > P 2 obstruents P 1 = P 2 Conclusion: … … … … P 2 P 1 Voicing of vowels and sonorants (m l r j w) is spontaneous Voicing of obstruents (b d g z v) requires additional active gestures… 16

Articulatory gestures and voicing in obstruents Facilitating voicing (lenis) Inhibiting voicing (fortis) Increased P 1 ↑ Decreased P 1 ↓ Lowered larynx ↓ Raised larynx ↑ Short closure Long closure Relaxed facial muscles Tense facial muscles Slack vocal cords Stiff vocal cords Spread vocal cords 17

CPP nagród 18

WP krzak róży (10) /k#r/ > [kr] 19

3 types of VOT ( Voice Onset Time) 20

Compare Polish and English VOT 21

pa ba ta da ka ga 22

Manner Vowels are formants of periodic energy Plosives are silence… 23

WP krzak róży (10) /k#r/ > [kr] 24

Approximants have formants 25

sali, szali, siali 26

Fonetyka jest w deche ! 27

Place cues in acoustic signal 28

Place of articulation 29

Quiz 30

Quiz 2 31

Thank you! 32