Baby acoustics 1 Speech chain Articulation Articulatory Phonetics

Baby acoustics 1

Speech chain Articulation | | | Articulatory Phonetics Propagation Perception Acoustic Phonetics Auditory Phonetics 2

Vowels - Articulatory parameters front central High i: back u: ɪ Mid ʊ ə e ɔ: ɜ: Low æ ɒ ʌ ɑ: 3

Consonants – articulatory parameters • Voicing: (voiced, voiceless) • Manner: (plosive, fricative, liquid, glide, etc. ) • Place: (labial, alveolar, palatal, velar, etc. ) 4

Basic acoustics 5

Vowels: periodic sounds • Amplitude (d. B) • Frequency (Hz) d. B = amount of displacement from rest position 1 Hz = 1 cycle per second (cps) F 0 (fundamental frequency = 1 st harmonic) 6

Harmonics are multiples of F 0 1 st 150 Hz 2 nd 300 Hz 3 rd 450 Hz 4 th 600 Hz 5 th 750 Hz 7

Power spectrum 8

What is schwa? F 1 F 2 F 3

Vocal tract produces formants… 10

[i: ] and [a: ] 11

bead, bid, bed, bad 12

Polish vowels 13

Describing vowels in terms of formants 14

Voicing in phonetics – aerodynamics of voicing – articulatory gestures – acoustic cues 15

Aerodynamic conditions on voicing P 1 > P 2 … … … oral and nasal exit Larynx and vocal cords sonorants P 1 > P 2 obstruents P 1 = P 2 Conclusion: … … … … P 2 P 1 Voicing of vowels and sonorants (m l r j w) is spontaneous Voicing of obstruents (b d g z v) requires additional active gestures… 16

Articulatory gestures and voicing in obstruents Facilitating voicing (lenis) Inhibiting voicing (fortis) Increased P 1 ↑ Decreased P 1 ↓ Lowered larynx ↓ Raised larynx ↑ Short closure Long closure Relaxed facial muscles Tense facial muscles Slack vocal cords Stiff vocal cords Spread vocal cords 17

CPP nagród 18

WP krzak róży (10) /k#r/ > [kr] 19

3 types of VOT ( Voice Onset Time) 20

Compare Polish and English VOT 21

pa ba ta da ka ga 22

Phonetic categories and acoustic cues closure release ③ ② ④ ① t [d] VOT lag vowel VOT lead ④ [t] [th] fully voiceless voiced unaspirated voiceless aspirated ① Vowel duration ② Closure duration ③ Burst and its intensity ④ VOT (voicing / aspiration) 23

Phonetic categories and acoustic cues closure release ③ ② ④ ① t [d] # VOT lag vowel VOT lead ④ [t] [th] fully voiceless voiced unaspirated voiceless aspirated ① Vowel duration ② Closure duration ③ Burst and its intensity ④ VOT (voicing / aspiration) 24

Phonetic categories and acoustic cues closure release ③ ② ④ ① t [d] # VOT lag vowel VOT lead ④ [t] [th] fully voiceless voiced unaspirated voiceless aspirated ① Vowel duration ② Closure duration ③ Burst and its intensity ④ VOT (voicing / aspiration) 25

Manner Vowels are formants of periodic energy Plosives are silence… 26

WP krzak róży (10) /k#r/ > [kr] 27

Approximants have formants 28

sali, szali, siali 29

Fonetyka jest w deche ! 30

Place cues in acoustic signal 31

Place of articulation 32

Quiz 33

Thank you! 34