BAB 2 BIODIVERSITY Compiled by Risda Muli S

BAB 2 BIODIVERSITY Compiled by. Risda Muli, S. Pd. , M. Si Sumber : Arcaion, pixabay. com

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THESE PICTURE? Sumber: goloren 1, pixabay. com Sumber: thock 1203, pixabay. com Sumber: CCPAPA, pixabay. com Sumber: Skitterphoto, pixabay. com

BIODIVERSITY LEVEL ü Biodiversity is a variation of living organisms at three levels, namely the level of genes, species, and ecosystems. ü Biodiversity according to UU No. 5 of 1994: Diversity among living things from all sources including land, oceans and other aquatic ecosystems, as well as ecological complexes that are part of their diversity, including diversity within species, between species and ecosystems.

A. GENES BIODIVERSITY

B. SPECIES BIODIVERSITY

Sumber: goloren 1, pixabay. com Mangrove Forest City Sumber: cegoh, pixabay. com Tropical Rain Forest Sumber: Skitterphoto, pixabay. com Sumber: thock 1203, pixabay. com Sumber: CCPAPA, pixabay. com C. ECOSYSTEMS BIODIVERSITY Meadow Rice Fields

C. ECOSYSTEMS BIODIVERSITY Aquatic Ecosystem • Freshwater: • Lentik (calm): lake, swamp. • Lotik (flowing): river, waterfall. • Sea water: • Deep sea, coral reefs, estuaries (seagrass beds, mangrove forests), sand beaches, rock beaches. Terrestrial Ecosystems • • Tropical rain forest Sabana Meadow Desert Deciduous forest Taiga Tundra

C. ECOSYSTEMS BIODIVERSITY Aquatic Ecosystem Biotic Components : ü ü ü Plankton: move passively. Example: phytoplankton and zooplankton. Nekton: active move. Example: fish, frogs. Neuston: float. Example: insects, lotus. Bentos: at the bottom of the waters. Example: shrimp, crabs, worms. Periphyton: attached to other organisms. Example: algae, snails. Freshwater Water Zone: • Litoral • Limnetik • Profundal Sea Water Zone: • • Fotik • • Twilight • • Afotik • Litoral Neritik Batial Abisal

Sumber: thock 1203, pixabay. com Meadow Mangrove Forest Sumber: Skitterphoto, pixabay. com Sumber: goloren 1, pixabay. com Sumber: CCPAPA, pixabay. com C. ECOSYSTEMS BIODIVERSITY Terrestrial Ecosystems City Sumber: cegoh, pixabay. com Tropical Rain Forest Rice Fields

D. BIODIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN Wealth of Flora, Fauna, and Microorganisms in Indonesia Sumber: Madeleine Holland, commons. wikimedia. org Sumber: Midori, commons. wikimedia. org

D. BIODIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN Spread of Biodiversity in Indonesia Spread of Flora in Indonesia According to Van Welzen and Silk • Flora of the Sundanese plains • Flora of the Sahul plain • Flora in the middle area (Wallacea) According to F. W. Junghuhn • Areas with an altitude of 0 650 m are coastal lowlands and mangrove forests • An area with an altitude of 650 - 1, 500 m The area with an altitude of 1, 500 - 2, 500 m • Areas with altitudes above 2, 500 meters

D. BIODIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN Spread of Biodiversity in Indonesia Sumber : commons. wikimedia. org Spread of Fauna in Indonesia

Sumber : id. wikipedia. org D. BIODIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN Sumber: Gellinger, pixabay. com Spread of Biodiversity in Indonesia Fauna Region of West Indonesia

D. BIODIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN Spread of Biodiversity in Indonesia Fauna of the Transitional Area Sumber: Sakurai Midori, commons. wikimedia. org Sumber: Terence Ong, commons. wikimedia. org

D. BIODIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN Spread of Biodiversity in Indonesia Sumber: Tree & J. Hensdill, commons. wikimedia. org Sumber: Viglianti, commons. wikimedia. org Fauna in Eastern Indonesia

D. BIODIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN Spread of Biodiversity in Indonesia Functions and Benefits of Biodiversity in Indonesia • Food source • Drugs • Cosmetics • Clothing • Home • Cultural aspects Sumber : Tolea 1, pixabay. com

D. BIODIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN Spread of Biodiversity in Indonesia Germplasm: body parts of plants, animals or microorganisms that have the function and ability to inherit traits. Benefits: assembling superior varieties of a species

E. BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION Sumber : en. wikipedia. org Biodiversity Loss Habitat loss Pollution of soil, water, air Climate change Exploitation of plants and animals • The presence of migratory species • Agriculture and forest industry • •

E. BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION In-situ conservation Ex-situ conservation • Nature preserve • Wildlife reserve • Biosphere Reserve • National Parks • Garden collection • Germplasm gardens • Botanical Garden • Zoo

E. BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION Protected Wildlife No. Scientific name (latin) Local Name 1. Bubalus depressicornis Anoa atau kerbau pendek 2. Probosciger aterrimus Kakatua hitam (kakatua raja) 3. Balaenoptera musculus Paus biru 4. Cetacea Semua jenis paus 5. Bos sondaicus Banteng 6. Hystrix brachiura Landak 7. Orcaella brevirostris Pesut (lumba-lumba air tawar) 8. Panthera tigris sondaica Harimau Jawa 9. Cairina scutulata Itik liar (mentok rimba) 10. Bubulcus ibis Kuntul (bangau putih) 11. Casuarius casuarius Kasuari gelambir ganda 12. Cacatua galerita Kakatua besar jambul kuning

E. BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION Protected Wildlife No. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Scientific name (latin) Thylogale sp. Dermochelys coriacea Crocodylus novaeguineae Antipathes sp. Phyton timorensis Varanus prasinus Ornithoptera tithonus Troides amphrysus Tapirus indicus Macaca tonkeana Tragulus sp. Elanus caeruleus Gracula religiosa Local Name Kanguru tanah Penyu belimbing Buaya air tawar Papua Akar bahar (koral hitam) Sanca Timor Biawak hijau Kupu burung titon Kupu-kupu raja Tapir, tenuk Monyet jambul Kancil Alap-alap putih, alap-alap tikus Beo

E. USAHA PELESTARIAN KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI Protected Flora No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Scientific name (latin) Amorphophallus titanum Phoenix paludosa Pinanga javana Cyrtostachys renda Coelogyne pandurata Dendrobium phalaenopsis Rafflesia sp. Phalaenopsis gigantea Renanthera matutina Vanda celebica Vanda sumatrana Livistona sp. Nenga gajah Nephenthes sp. Shorea singkawang Local Name Bunga bangkai raksasa Korma rawa Pinang Jawa Pinang merah Bangka Anggrek hitam Anggrek larat Bunga padma (Rafflesia) Anggrek bulan raksasa Anggrek jingga Vanda mungil Minahasa Vanda Sumatra Palem kipas Sumatra Palem Sumatra Kantong semar Tengkawang (pohon kayu)

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

Classification of Living Things Classification of living things is the grouping of living things based on certain characteristics they have. The benefits of classification of living things: - simplifying diverse biological study objects so that it is easier to learn them - can know the kinship between one organism with another organism Sumber : www. wikiwand. com

A. BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION Classification figure : Carolus Linnaeus Classification system: 1. Natural systems 2. Artificial system (artificial) 3. Phylogenetic system 4. Modern system Sumber : www. wikiwand. com

B. LEVEL TAXON IN CLASSIFICATION The order of taxon levels from highest to lowest level: ü kingdom (kingdom) or regnum (world) ü phylum (phylum) or divisio (division), ü classis (class), ü order (nation), ü family (family / tribe), ü genus (surname), ü species (species / types), ü and variety (race).

C. LIVING THINGS NOMENCLATURE SYSTEM Examples of writing scientific names : • Glycine max Merr (soy) Merr is the name of the descriptor (E. D. Merrill). • Or Glycine max Merr Sumber : vi. wikipedia. org Sumber : es. m. wikipedia. org

D. DEVELOPMENT OF CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS ü ü ü ü the two kingdom system the three kingdom system of the four kingdoms the five kingdom system the six kingdom system the eight kingdom system three domain system

D. DEVELOPMENT OF CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS Identification of Living Things 1. a. Non-vertebrate b. Having vertebrae 2. a. Soft body, legs, no legs (Mollusca) b. Inflammatory body, feet with legs 3 a. Move with fins b. Move not with fins 4 a Winged b. Wingless 5 a. Winged scales b. Straight-winged 6. And so on (not continued). (2) (3) (Mollusca) (4) Sumber : he. wikipedia. org (Pisces) (6) (5) (Crustacea) (Lepidoptera) (Orthoptera) Sumber : en. wikipedia. org

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Apakah pengertian keanekaragaman hayati? Sebutkan tingkat keanekaragaman hayati. Berikan contoh keanekaragaman tingkat gen. Berikan contoh keanekaragaman tingkat spesies (jenis). Berikan contoh keanekaragaman tingkat ekosistem di Indonesia. Sumber : Polly. Dot, pixabay. com Sebutkan contoh fauna kawasan Indonesia Timur. Sebutkan contoh flora dataran Sahul. Apakah manfaat hewan dan tumbuhan berikut: Sebutkan keanekaragaman hayati flora/fauna yang Anda pakai sekarang. Sumber : id. wikipedia. org KUIS

KUIS 10. Sebutkan flora Indonesia yang sudah langka dan harus dilestarikan. 11. Sebutkan fauna Indonesia yang sudah langka dan harus dilestarikan. 12. Apa yang menyebabkan menurunnya/ menghilangnya keanekaragaman hayati? 13. Apakah perbedaan usaha pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati secara insitu dengan eksitu. 14. Berikan contoh usaha pelestarian flora secara eksitu. 15. Berikan contoh bentuk pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati lautan di Indonesia. 16. Jelaskan urutan tingkatan takson dalam klasifikasi tumbuhan dan hewan.