B Russian Revolution 1917 20 Whites versus Reds

B. Russian Revolution (1917 -20) • Whites versus Reds • Whites – in defense of Nicholas (Nobles, Military) • Reds – Bolshevik/Communists (workers, peasants, common soldiers) • Nick and family murdered to kill heirs to throne

Russia becomes the Soviet Union under Lenin and will be followed by…….

C. Lenin as Dictator • Changed name to Soviet Union or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • Lenin ruled as dictator with communist party • NEP – New Economic Policy – Govt. gave some freedom to individuals to run businesses – Command Economy – govt. runs and controls all aspects of economy. Decide what to produce and how to produce it. Little freedom for the individual

Joseph Stalin means -man of steel

D. Stalin’s Soviet Union • Characteristics: – Totalitarian Dictator – Command Economy – Collective farms – Great Purge +Gulag – Cult of Personality, propaganda – Censorship – Religious persecution

• 5 Year Plan – Stalin’s economic plan to increase industrial output – Increased work load in factories; quotas – Increase production of military equipment – Too hard for people to keep up with – REGENTS!

III. Communism Comes to China

A. Key People 1. Sun Yixian or Sun Yat-Sen (1911 -1914) • 1. Leads country in successful revolt against Qing Dynasty (after years of corruption and foreign domination) • 2. “Three Principles of the People”nationalism, Democracy, and economic prosperity

• Begins Nationalist party called Kuomintang or Guomindong. Is President of China from 1911 -14 • Regents wants you to recognize him as a positive figure because he promoted Chinese unity and Democracy. (Nationalism)

2. Jiang Jiesi a. k. a. Chiang Kai-shek • Next Leader of the Kuomintang • Will favor the wealthy and not really help create a better life for the peasants • Persecuted Communist Party memberscalled for the Shanghai Massacre (1927)

• Will fight Chinese Civil War against Mao and the Communists (1927 -1937) for control of China. • Loses and flees to Taiwan

Mao Zedong • Will begin Communist Revolution in China (1927 after Shanghai Massacre) • Will inspire millions of peasants to help him • Communist Rev. led by Mao will be postponed by WWII (1937) – he will join forces w/ Chiang to fight Japanese

Mao Zedong • May 4 th movement-stirred rev. ideas among fellow students in protest of the Treaty of Versailles which gave German claimed lands in China to Japan. • Used farmers and peasants to fight the Communist Rev. • The Long March- (1934) defining moment in Mao’s leadership. Leads what remains of Comm. Army on 6, 000 mile journey to Northern China to get weapons and aid from Soviet Union. Only 8, 000 out of 100, 000 survived