Axial Skeleton The Skull The Skull Two parts

The Skull • Two parts of the skull: – The cranium encloses and protects

The Skull - Cranium • Eight large flat bones fused together (sutures): – –

The Skull - Face • Thirteen bones fused together, with one connected by joints

The Skull - Face • Continued… – Nasal – bridge of nose (paired) –

The Skull • Hyoid Bone – – – Not technically part of skull Does

The Skull – Bone Markings • Bone Markings – Meatus – canal-like passageway •

The Skull – Bone Markings – Foramen – opening through bone • Jugular Magnum

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Axial Skeleton The Skull

The Skull • Two parts of the skull: – The cranium encloses and protects the brain – The facial bones hold the eyes and face shape

The Skull - Cranium • Eight large flat bones fused together (sutures): – – – Frontal – forms forehead Parietal – superior and lateral walls (paired) Temporal – inferior to parietal, at temples (paired) Occipital – posterior wall Sphenoid – deep to the anterior of skull, forms floor of cranial cavity – Ethmoid – forms roof of nasal cavity, medial walls of orbits

The Skull - Cranium

The Skull - Face • Thirteen bones fused together, with one connected by joints – Maxillae – forms upper jaw (paired) – Palatine – posterior to maxillae, between back molars (paired) – Zygomatic – cheekbones, lateral walls of orbits (paired) – Lacrimal – part of medial walls of orbits, between ethmoid bones and maxillae (paired)

The Skull - Face • Continued… – Nasal – bridge of nose (paired) – Vomer – median line of nasal cavity – Inferior conchae – bone projections from lateral wall of nasal cavity (paired) – Mandible – lower jaw, connected by only freely movable joint of face

The Skull - Face

The Skull • Hyoid Bone – – – Not technically part of skull Does not articulate directly with any other bone Anchored to temporal bones by ligaments Movable base for tongue Attachment point for neck muscles

The Skull

The Skull – Bone Markings • Bone Markings – Meatus – canal-like passageway • External Auditory Meatus – canal leads to eardrum and middle ear (temporal) – Process – bony prominence • Styloid Process – inferior to auditory meatus (temporal) • Zygomatic Process – anterior to cheek bone (temporal) • Mastoid Process – posterior and inferior to auditory meatus (temporal) • Palatine Processes – extensions of maxillae that form the anterior part of the mouth (maxillae)

The Skull – Bone Markings – Foramen – opening through bone • Jugular Magnum – at junction of occipital & temporal bones, opening for jugular vein (temporal) • Carotid Canal – anterior to jugular foramen, opening for carotid artery (temporal) • Foramen Magnum – opening for spinal cord to connect to brain (occipital) • Foramen Ovale – opening for nerve fibers to pass to jaw muscles (sphenoid) – Condyle – rounded articular projections (involved with joints) • Occipital Condyles – rest on the first vertebra of the spinal column (occipital) – Sinuses – cavities in bone filled with air • Paranasal Sinuses – found in different bones surrounding nasal cavity (frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillae)

The Skull – Bone Markings