AXIAL SKELETON Skull Sternum Ribs Vertebral column AXIAL

AXIAL SKELETON -Skull -Sternum -Ribs -Vertebral column

AXIAL SKELETON Coloring sheet

SKULL Divided into 2 parts; a) Calvaria - May be fractured in blows to the skull (e. g. in hockey, being checked and hitting the skull on the ice) - Temporal bone is more fragile of the calvaria bones. Overlies one of the major blood vessels. If fractured or displaced it is a medical emergency

SKULL CONTINUED b) Facial bones - Often broken in contact sports due to rough impact - Some fractures across the maxilla (upper jaw) can leave the lower face separated from the upper face

SKULL Coloring sheet

VERTEBRAL COLUMN – SPINE coloring sheet

VERTEBRAL COLUMN 7 cervical vertebrae (of the neck) 12 thoracic vertebrae (of the chest) 5 lumbar vertebrae (of the lower back) 5 vertebrae fused into one triangular bone Coccyx (bottom 4 vertebrae – tailbone)

VERTEBRAL COLUMN CONT’D FUNCTION: Provides a strong and flexible support for the body and the ability to keep the body erect The point of attachment for the muscles of the back Protect the spinal cord and nerves Absorbs shock

HYOID AND ADAMS APPLE

RIBS Twelve pairs Made up of bone and cartilage, which allows for strength and expansion Curved and slightly twisted making it ideal to protect the chest area All 12 pairs of ribs articulate with the twelve thoracic vertebrae posteriorly

RIBS CONT’D Classified into three groups based on anterior attachment: TRUE RIBS - 1 -7 - Attach to both the vertebrae and the sternum FALSE RIBS - 8 – 10 - Attach only to the sternum indirectly, through 7 th rib FLOATING RIBS - 11 and 12 - Only attach to the vertebral column

STERNUM Mid-line breast bone The clavicles and ribs one to seven articulate with the sternum It is comprised of the manubrium, sternal body and xiphoid process