Axial Skeleton Skeleton Axial Skeleton Skull ribs spine
Axial Skeleton:
Skeleton • Axial Skeleton: – Skull, ribs, spine (including sacrum and coccyx) • Appendicular Skeleton – Upper and lower extremities, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle
8 Present at Birth
Lordosis Kyphosis Lordosis Pelvic Kyphotic Curve 9
Cervical Vertebrae: The Atlas (C 1) Figure 7. 17 a
Atlas and Axis • Atlas (C 1) supports the skull – concave superior articular facet • nod your head in “yes” movement – ring surrounding large vertebral foramen • anterior & posterior arch • Axis (C 2) – dens or odontoid process is held in place inside the vertebral foramen of the atlas by ligaments – allows rotation of head -- “no”
Cervical Vertebrae Table 7. 2
The Vertebrae Cervical Thoracic Lumbar
General Structure of Vertebrae (Both Sides) Figure 7. 15
Vertebral Column: Intervertebral Discs Figure 7. 14 b
Damage to the Intervertebral Discs
Thoracic Vertebrae Figure 7. 17 b
Lumbar Vertebrae Figure 7. 17 c
Sacrum and Coccyx: Anterior View Figure 7. 18 a
True and False Ribs • True ribs (1 to 7) attach to sternum with costal (hyaline) cartilage • False ribs (8 -12) – 11 -12 are floating and not attached to sternum • 12 pairs of ribs in both sexes
Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage) * * * * Figure 7. 19 a
Rib Structure Tubercle Head • Flat blade called a shaft – inferior margin has costal groove for nerves & vessels • Proximal head & tubercle are connected by neck • Articulation – head with body of vertebrae – tubercle with transverse process
Appendicular Skeleton • Upper and lower extremities, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle
Pectoral Girdles (Shoulder Girdles) * * Humerus g * Figure 7. 22 a
Clavicles (Collarbones) Figure 7. 22 b, c
* Radial Fossa * * *
Hand 3 Distal 3 Proximal
6 Distal 6 Proximal 1 1 2 Distal Middle Proximal 6 6 6 3 2 4 5 3 4 5
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