Axial Musculature INSERT FIG 11 12 b Figure

Axial Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 10 -please split onto 2 slides if necessary] Copyright

Appendicular Musculature • Position and stabilize pectoral and pelvic girdles • Move upper and lower limbs • Divisions of Appendicular Muscles – Muscles of the shoulders and upper limbs – Muscles of the pelvis and lower limbs Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 13 a] Figure 10– 13 a An Overview of

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 13 b] Figure 10– 13 b An Overview of

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles of the Shoulders and Upper Limbs – Position the pectoral girdle – Move the arm – Move the forearm and hand – Move the hand fingers Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle – Trapezius • Superficial • Covers back and neck to base of skull • Inserts on clavicles and scapular spines Trapezius Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle – Rhomboid and levator scapulae • Deep to trapezius • Attach to cervical and thoracic vertebrae • Insert on scapular border Rhomboid Minor Rhomboid Major Levator Scapulae Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 15 a] Figure 10– 14 a Muscles That Position

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle – Serratus anterior • On the chest • Originates along ribs • Inserts on anterior scapular margin Serratus Anterior Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle – Subclavius • Originates on ribs • Inserts on clavicle – Pectoralis minor • Attaches to scapula Pectoralis Minor Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 15 b] Figure 10– 14 b Muscles That Position

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Arm – Deltoid • The major abductor

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Arm – Subscapularis and Teres major •

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 15 a Muscles That Move the Arm. Copyright © 2010

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Arm – Infraspinatus and teres minor • Produce lateral rotation at shoulder – Coracobrachialis • Attaches to scapula • Produces flexion and adduction at shoulder Infraspinatus Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 15 b(Part 1 of 2) Muscles That Move the Arm.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Arm – Pectoralis major • Between anterior chest and greater tubercle of humerus • Produces flexion at shoulder joint – Latissimus dorsi • Between thoracic vertebrae and humerus • Produces extension at shoulder joint Pectoralis Major Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Latissimus Dorsi

Appendicular Musculature • The Rotator Cuff – Muscles involved in shoulder rotation • Supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, and their tendons Teres Minor Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 15 a (Part 1 of 2) Muscles That Move the

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 15 b Muscles That Move the Arm. Copyright © 2010

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 12] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand – Originate on humerus and insert on forearm – Exceptions • The major flexor (biceps brachii) • The major extensor (triceps brachii) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand – Extensors • Mainly on posterior and lateral surfaces of arm – Flexors • Mainly on anterior and medial surfaces Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Flexors of the Elbow – Biceps brachii • Flexes elbow • Stabilizes shoulder joint • Originates on scapula • Inserts on radial tuberosity – Brachialis and brachioradialis • Flex elbow Biceps Brachii Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 16 a Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand. Copyright

Appendicular Musculature • Extensors of the Elbow – Triceps brachii • Extends elbow • Originates on scapula • Inserts on olecranon – Anconeus • Opposes brachialis Triceps Brachii Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 16 b Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand. Copyright

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 13 top portion] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Flexors of the Wrist – Palmaris longus • Superficial • Flexes wrist – Flexor carpi ulnaris • Superficial • Flexes wrist • Adducts wrist – Flexor carpi radialis • Superficial • Flexes wrist • Abducts wrist Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Extensors of the Wrist – Extensor carpi radialis • Superficial • Extends wrist • Abducts wrist – Extensor carpi ulnaris • Superficial • Extends wrist • Adducts wrist Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 13 bottom portion] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand – Pronation and supination • Pronator teres and supinator – Originate on humerus and ulna – Rotate radius • Pronator quadratus – Originates on ulna – Assists pronator teres Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 17 a] Figure 10– 16 a Muscles That Move

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 13 middle portion] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Hand Fingers – Also called extrinsic muscles of the hand – Lie entirely within forearm – Only tendons cross wrist (in synovial tendon sheaths) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles that Move the Hand Fingers – Tendon sheaths • Extensor retinaculum – Wide band of connective tissue – Posterior surface of wrist – Stabilizes tendons of extensor muscles – Flexor retinaculum: • Anterior surface of wrist • Stabilizes tendons of flexor muscles Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 18 a] Figure 10– 17 a Muscles That Move

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 17 b Muscles That Move the Hand Fingers. Copyright ©

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 18 c] Figure 10– 17 c Muscles That Move

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 18 d] Figure 10– 17 d Muscles That Move

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 14] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • The Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand – Muscles that move the

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 18 a Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand. Copyright © 2010

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 18 b Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand. Copyright © 2010

Appendicular Musculature Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs – Pelvic girdle is

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Position the Lower Limbs – Muscles that move thigh

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Thigh – Gluteal muscles – Lateral rotators

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 19 a Muscles That Move the Thigh. Copyright © 2010

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Thigh: Gluteal Muscles – Cover lateral surfaces of ilia – Gluteus maximus • Largest, most posterior gluteal muscle • Produces extension and lateral rotation at hip – Tensor fasciae latae • Works with gluteus maximus • Stabilizes iliotibial tract – Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus • Originate anterior to gluteus maximus • Insert on trochanter Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 20 b] Figure 10– 19 b Muscles That Move

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 16 top portion] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Thigh – Lateral rotators • Group of

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 20 c] Figure 10– 19 c Muscles That Move

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 16 2 nd section] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education,

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Thigh: Adductors – Adductor magnus • Produces adduction, extension, and flexion – Adductor brevis • Hip flexion and adduction – Adductor longus • Hip flexion and adduction – Pectineus • Hip flexion and adduction – Gracilis • Hip flexion and adduction Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 21 b] Figure 10– 20 b Muscles That Move

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 20 d] Figure 10– 19 d Muscles That Move

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 16 3 rd section] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education,

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Thigh: Iliopsoas – Two hip flexors insert

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 16 bottom] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Leg – Flexors of the knee • Originate on the pelvic girdle – Extensors of the knee • Originate on the femoral surface • Insert on the patella Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Flexors of the Knee – Hamstrings • Biceps femoris • Semimembranosus • Semitendinosus – Sartorius • Originates superior to the acetabulum – Popliteus • Rotates the tibia to unlock the knee Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 20 a Muscles That Move the Leg. Copyright © 2010

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 17 top portion] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Leg – Extensors of the knee • Four muscles of the quadriceps femoris – Three vastus muscles – Rectus femoris muscle Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 17 bottom] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 20 c Muscles That Move the Leg. Copyright © 2010

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes – Extrinsic muscles that move the foot and toes include • Muscles that produce extension at the ankle • Muscles that produce flexion at the ankle • Muscles that produce extension at the toes • Muscles that produce flexion at the toes Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Four Muscles That Produce Extension (plantar flexion) at the Ankle – Gastrocnemius – Soleus – Fibularis (group) – Tibialis posterior 3 D Peel-Away of Muscles of the Leg and Foot Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 21 a Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes.

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 22 b] Figure 10– 21 b Extrinsic Muscles That

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes – The Achilles Tendon • The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) – Shared by the gastrocnemius and soleus Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Produce Flexion (Dorsiflexsion) at the Ankle – Tibialis anterior

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Produce Extension at the Toes – Extensor digitorum longum – Extensor hallucis longus • Extensor retinacula: fibrous sheaths hold tendons of toes as they cross the ankle Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT FIG. 11. 22 d] Figure 10– 21 d Extrinsic Muscles That

Appendicular Musculature • Muscles That Produce Flexion at the Toes – Flexor digitorum longum

Appendicular Musculature Figure 10– 21 c Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes.

Appendicular Musculature [INSERT Table. 11. 18] Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Appendicular Musculature • The Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot – Muscles that move the tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges and originate and insert only on those bones Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.