AWA ARGONNE WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR FACILITY MANOEL CONDE condeanl

AWA ARGONNE WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR FACILITY MANOEL CONDE conde@anl. gov

AWA MISSION The mission of the AWA R&D program at ANL-HEP is to develop the science and technology of electron beam-driven wakefield acceleration to enable performance breakthroughs for future linear colliders and other advanced accelerators applications. Research Focus • High intensity electron beam • Novel cathodes and RF guns • Electron beam driven wakefield acceleration o Structure Wakefield Acceleration (SWFA) o Plasma Wakefield Acceleration (PWFA) • Advanced Structures • High power RF generation • Phase space manipulation o Bunch shaping o Bunch compression • Novel applications 2 Electron Sources AAC Beam Physics

AWA FACILITY OVERVIEW 39 m 127 ft Top view of building 366 3

BEAMLINES AND TEST-STANDS 20 MW RF power station RF gun studies and conditioning ACT Cathode studies Breakdown studies drive beam witness beam Witness beamline 4 – 15 Me. V 0. 001 – 20 n. C Drive beamline 8 – 70 Me. V 0. 001 – 100 n. C (single bunch) Bunch trains (up to 32 bunches with 600 n. C total) Unique capabilities of AWA: • • • Two independent linacs Emittance exchange beamline Wide range of bunch charge (highest) & flexibility 4 Ideal test-stand for beam driven wakefield studies

STRUCTURE-BASED WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION (SWFA) Several variations of scheme, geometry, frequency, material. Two-Beam Acceleration (TBA) Collinear Wakefield Acceleration (CWA) main beam drive beam main beam • • • Geometry: cylindrical, planar, or novel (PBG, metamaterial, etc) Frequency: typically from 10 GHz to 1 THz Material: metallic, dielectric, hybrid 5 Goals: • high efficiency • high gradient • beam quality

WAKEFIELD STRUCTURE EXPERTISE A few of the many structures that have been tested at the AWA facility Cylindrical Dielectric (AWA) Iris loaded Metallic (AWA) Planar dielectric (Euclid) Coaxial dielectric (Omega-P) Photonic band gap (LANL) 6 Meta/left-handed (MIT)

AAC R&D AT AWA – TBA § First demonstrated all-dielectric TBA - Dielectric: simple geometry, low cost K-band 26 GHz structures Prototype of AFLC m c 15 30 cm power extractor accelerator 55 MW generated power 28 Me. V/m acceleration J. Shao, et al, in Proceedings of IPAC 2017

TWO-BEAM ACCELERATION EXPERIMENT • 11. 7 GHz metallic iris loaded structure • 300 MW • 150 Me. V/m C. Jing et al. , Nucl. Instr. Meth. in Phy. Res. A 898, 72 -76 (2018)

ARGONNE CATHODE TEST-STAND (ACT) : 2 Me. V 120 MV/m L-BAND SINGLE-CELL PHOTOINJECTOR § A flexible and well-instrumented beam line at AWA – § Research goal - Fundamental research: thoroughly understand the nature of field emission under high field; study methods to suppress/enhance field emission - Applied research: test-bed for field emission and photoemission cathode 9

ARGONNE CATHODE TEST-STAND (ACT) AT AWA User-friendly test-bed for cathode research: high-field L-band photocathode gun plus diagnostics 700 MV/m Nb/Mg SCRF cathode RF testing J. Shao, S. Antipov, et al. , , Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 264802 (2015). Z, Yusof, M. Warren, et al. , Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 20, 123401(2017). § An example of applied research – UNCD Field emission cathode development Planar configuration Uniform emission High current S. Baryshev, S. Antipov, J. Shao, et al. , Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014

AVAILABLE AT AWA Typical parameters: • RF pulses from klystrons: 1. 3 GHz, 10 µs, 20 MW, up to 5 pps • RF pulses from wakefield structures: 11 to 90 GHz, 2 to 20 ns, up to about 300 MW, up to 5 pps • Electron beams: 5 to 65 Me. V, 0. 1 to 100 n. C single bunch or up to 400 n. C bunch train, up to 5 pps • Laser pulses: 2 to 8 ps, up to 5 pps o IR, 744 nm, 20 m. J o UV, 248 nm, 2 m. J 11

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