Avionics Applications Comp 790 1 GURUPRASAD APHALE SEPT

Avionics Applications Comp -790 1 GURUPRASAD APHALE. SEPT. 10 TH, 2010 http: //www. airforce-technology. com/projects/predator 5. html Guruprasad Aphale

Goals of Presentation 2 Learn about application space where real-time research could be helpful E. g. knowing which algorithms they want to run, we can look at the ways to schedule those algorithms along with existing software Go through publicly available information Not much technical information available Some of it is outdated Guruprasad Aphale

Avionics in Civilian Applications 3 Boeing 787 Dreamliner http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Boeing_787 first_flight. jpg Guruprasad Aphale

Avionics in Civilian Applications 4 Boeing 787 Dreamliner Long range, mid-sized twin-engine jet airliner Approx. $160 -170 million Flight System Honeywell and Rockwell-Collins avionics systems (flight control, guidance) Thales integrated standby flight display electrical power conversion system Integration by Boeing Guruprasad Aphale

Flight deck of the Boeing 787 5 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: 787 -flight-deck. jpg Guruprasad Aphale

Boeing 787 Dreamliner 6 RTOS Uses COTS OS by Green Hills Software (Integrity 178 -B? ? ) Wind River Systems (Vx. Works 653) Time and Space Partitioned Certification: DO 178 B, Level A and ARINC 653 Catastrophic Vx. Works 653 for the Common Core System (CCS) CCS hosts applications such as crew alerting, display management, health management software etc. Guruprasad Aphale

Common Core System (CCS) 7 Central computing function Replaces almost 80 line replacement units (LRU) and hosts up to 80 avionics applications Includes Dual Common Computing Resource (CCR) cabinets Common Data Network (CDN) Expected to be adopted under ARINC 664 Remote Data Concentrators (RDC) Guruprasad Aphale

Communication 8 Communication within aircraft systems Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX)1 Based on IEEE 802. 3 Ethernet Dedicated bandwidth to provide deterministic Qo. S For safety critical applications Cascaded Star Topology Dual Link Redundancy Full Duplex 1 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Avionics_Full-Duplex_Switched_Ethernet Guruprasad Aphale

AFDX Example System 9 Guruprasad Aphale

Avionics in Military and Scientific Applications 10 MQ-1 Predator Guruprasad Aphale

Avionics in Military and Scientific Applications 11 Has both manned as well as unmanned aircrafts We focus on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Reusable, Uncrewed vehicle capable of controlled, sustained, level flight and powered by a jet or reciprocating engine Also called Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) E. g. R 4 Global Hawk Predator Guruprasad Aphale

Brief History 12 A. M. Low's "Aerial Target" of 1916 World Wars accelerated the development Mostly used to train antiaircraft gunners To fly attack missions Birth of US UAVs 1959 Concern over losing pilots in “hostile” territories “Red Wagon” program launched in 1960 First mission – Vietnam war (1964) Highly kept secret Guruprasad Aphale

History Continued… 13 Admitted to use of UAVs in 1973 “. . . we let the drone do the high risk flying. . . the loss rate is high, but we are willing to risk more of them. . . they save lives!” – Gen. John C. Meyer Grown interest in UAVs in 1980 s and 1990 s Initial Interest Surveillance aircraft Search and Rescue Future Interests Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles (UCAS) Guruprasad Aphale

Surveillance UAVs 14 Surveying Enemy territories Areas dangerous for piloted craft E. g. Fly into a hurricane and provide near-real-time data (hurricane hunters) Extreme climate such as Antarctic Search and Rescue used for search and rescue in Louisiana and Texas during 2008 hurricanes RQ 4 Global Hawk Guruprasad Aphale

Surveillance UAV RQ-4 Global Hawk 15 RQ-4 Global Hawk http: //files. air-attack. com/MIL/globalhawk/rq 4 block 40. jpg Guruprasad Aphale

Surveillance UAV: RQ-4 Global Hawk 16 RQ-4 Global Hawk Northrop Grumman R: reconnaissance, Q: unmanned aircraft system, 4 : the fourth of a series of purpose-built UAS. Used by US Air Force, US Navy and NASA High Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE) High resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) penetrates cloud-cover and sandstorms Guruprasad Aphale

Improvements over Previous Generation 17 Guruprasad Aphale

Surveillance UAV: RQ-4 Global Hawk 18 Dimensions Length: 44 ft 5 in (13. 54 m) Wingspan: 116 ft 2 in (35. 41 m) Height: 15 ft 2 in (4. 62 m) Empty weight: 8, 490 lb (3, 851 kg) Gross weight: 22, 900 lb (10, 387 kg) Can cover 40, 000 sq miles per day $35 million (actual aircraft cost) Rises to $123. 2 million with development costs Guruprasad Aphale

Combat UAVs 19 Surveying as well Attack Sensors, cameras Missiles or other ammunition Used in high risk areas to hit ground targets Not perfect Several incidences of misfiring or misunderstanding the target E. g. Israeli UAVs failed to differentiate between combatants and civilians resulting in killing of 48 civilians Guruprasad Aphale

Combat UAVs MQ-1 Predator 20 MQ-1 Predator General Atomics M: Multi Role, Q: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, 1: first of a series Used by US Air Force and CIA Medium Altitude, Long Endurance (MALE) Can fly 400 nautical miles(740 kms), loiter for 14 hours and come back Initially was only RQ-1 A (1995) Only for surveillance Later converted to combat UAV (2002) RQ-1 B became MQ-9 Reaper Cost Approx. $40 million Guruprasad Aphale

MQ-1 Predator 21 Complete system, not just an aircraft Four aircrafts Ground Control System (GCS) Predator Primary Satellite Link (PPSL) Spare equipment with the crew Dimensions Wingspan: 55 feet (16. 8 meters) Length: 27 feet (8. 22 meters) Height: 6. 9 feet (2. 1 meters) Weight: 1, 130 pounds ( 512 kilograms) empty Future: Unmanned Combat Air System (UCAS) Guruprasad Aphale

Space Shuttle 22 First orbital spacecraft designed for reuse Orbiter Vehicle (OV), External tank (ET) Two reusable Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) Functions Carry different payloads to low Earth orbit Provide crew rotation for International Space Station(ISS) Perform servicing missions Software and Hardware known as the Data Processing System (DPS) Guruprasad Aphale

Space Shuttle 23 Hardware Specifications Five IBM AP-101 central processing unit (CPU) Same architecture as IBM System 360 Also called General Purpose Computer (GPC) IO Processor (IOP) and Bus System Redundantly connected subsystems (24 buses) Bus Control Element for each bus (24 BCEs), dedicated processor Master Sequence Controller (MSC) 25 th processor IO to each computer controlled in two modes • Command (CM) • Listen Display Unit: CRTs controlled by special purpose computer Mass Memory Unit (MMU) Guruprasad Aphale

Space Shuttle 24 Shuttle Orbiter Avionic System Guruprasad Aphale

Space Shuttle 25 Software Architecture Systems Software Flight Computer OS (FCOS) System Control User Interface Applications Software Guidance, Navigation and Control Systems Management Vehicle Checkout Guruprasad Aphale

Space Shuttle: Systems Software 26 Flight Computer OS (FCOS) Process Management Priority queue structure I/O Management Redundancy results in complex data network Management of communication Initialization, status checks and memory management Loading of General Purpose Computer memories Transfers between mass memory and main memory Guruprasad Aphale

Space Shuttle: Systems Software 27 System Control Initialization and configuration control of DPS Establish relationship among GPCs User Interface Command Input Processing Operations Control Output Message Processing Maintain communication among GPCs Guruprasad Aphale

Space Shuttle: Applications Software 28 Guidance, Navigation and Control (GN&C) Six Operation Sequences (OPS) Include 200 important functions called principle functions Cyclic process (executive) Controls initiation and phasing of principle function and associated I/O Table driven Three executive structures in design of GN&C Guruprasad Aphale

Space Shuttle: Applications Software 29 Systems Management Status monitoring Controls not involved with flight control Vehicle Checkout Initialization and checkout under control of crew Three ground checkout OPSs, One in-flight OPS Redundant computer configuration Guruprasad Aphale

References 30 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Boeing_787 http: //www. aviationtoday. com/av/categories/commercial/932. html http: //www. aviationtoday. com/av/categories/commercial/Product- Focus-COTS-Operating-Systems-Boarding-the-Boeing 787_832. html http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/RQ-4_Global_Hawk http: //www. defense-update. com/products/g/globalhawk. htm http: //www. airforce-technology. com/projects/global/ http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1_Predator http: //www. designation-systems. net/dusrm/app 2/q-1. html http: //www. hq. nasa. gov/office/pao/History/computers/Ch 42. html Guruprasad Aphale

Thanks!! 31 Questions? ? Guruprasad Aphale