AVIATION OPERATIONAL MEASURES FOR FUEL AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION

AVIATION OPERATIONAL MEASURES FOR FUEL AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION WORKSHOP HOW TO SAVE FUEL BY LOSING TIME? Jean-Pierre NICOLAON EUROCONTROL - EEC 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 1

QIN ABSORBING ARRIVAL DELAYS LINEARY DURING DESCENT INSTEAD OF HOLDING STACK TECHNIQUE 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 2

ARRIVAL TRAFFIC IS GENERALLY ORGANIZED THROUGH SUCCESSIVE LAYERS: Q STEP 1 14/12/2021 Q ARRIVAL SLOTS (AIRLINES SCHEDULES) ARE DETERMINED ACCORDING TO RUNWAY CAPACITY (TYPICAL VALUE 44 a/c PER HOUR FOR SPECIALIZED RUNWAY) Air Traffic Management Panel 3

Q STEP 2 14/12/2021 Q DEPARTURE SLOTS (including overbooking) ARE ALLOCATED ACCORDINGLY BY ATFM (pretactical) Air Traffic Management Panel 4

Q STEP 3 14/12/2021 Q ATC CONTROLLERS REFINE TRAFFIC SEQUENCES AS APPROPRPIATE (tactical) Air Traffic Management Panel 5

Q NOTE: Q OVERBOOKING IS REQUIRED TO COMPENSATE UNPREDICTABLE, UNEXPECTED AND INACCURATE ELEMENTS such as: ²AIRLINES DELAYS ²FLIGHT CANCELLATIONS ²BAD WEATHER 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 6

HOWEVER OVERBOOKING AND INACCURACY CAN INDUCE HOLDING BEFORE LANDING THOSE DELAYS COULD BE ABSORBED EITHER : QIN HOLDING STACK (e. g. London) QLINEARY (e. g. Paris CDG) 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 7

ARRIVING TRAFFIC TO PARIS CDG + LE BOURGET 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 8

ARRIVING TRAFFIC TO PARIS CDG 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 9

ARRIVING TRAFFIC TO PARIS ORLY 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 10

QHOLDING STACK TECHNIQUE IS BEING USED AS AN AIRCRAFT TANK CLOSE TO RUNWAY FOR PREVENTING GAPS TO HAPPEN INTO LANDING SEQUENCES. QIT CAN BE USED EASILY WITHOUT ANY COMPUTER ASSISTANCE 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 11

QHOLDING STACK INDUCES SIGNIFICANT EXTRA FUEL BURN QIT ENABLES LONG DELAYS ABSORPTION CAPABILITY 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 12

QLINEAR HOLDING CAN ONLY ABSORB ‘REASONABLE’ DELAYS (5/7 minutes) QIT HAS TO BE COMPLEMENTED BY HOLDING STACK FOR LONGER DELAYS QIT IS VERY SUITABLE TO HUB SEQUENCES 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 13

QIT IS SAVING FUEL EVEN COMPARED TO NOMINAL TRAJECTORY QIT REQUIRES COMPUTER ASSISTANCE FOR EFFICIENT SEQUENCING AND SPACING 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 14

SAVED FUEL BURN/ ABSORBED DELAYS EXAMPLE OF AIRBUS A 310 DESCENDING AT MINIMUM DRAG SPEED ACCORDING TO : QPROGRESSIVE SPEED REDUCTION PROFILE QSEGMENTED SPEED PROFILE 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 15

TRANSITION ALTITUDE STANDARD DESCENT PROFILE M. ; 0, 80 - 300 KT - 250 KT + HOLDING AT FL 50 DESCENT PROFILE AT PROGRESSIVE REDUCED SPEED DESCENT PROFILE AT SEGMENTED SPEEDS 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel HOLDING PROFILE 16

TYPICAL SPEED SEGMENTS 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 17

ABSORBABLE DELAYS DURING DESCENT ONLY 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 18

FUEL BENEFITS COMPARISON/STACK VERSUS LINEAR 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 19

EXAMPLE OF COMPUTER ASSISTANCE INFORMATION GIVEN BY MAESTRO - ARRIVAL MANAGER Time Scale Runway 26 left Current Time Runway 25 (Le Bourget) Runway 27 (North) 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 20

SEQUENCE DETAILS IAF (origin) (S = Susin, M = Merue, L = Lorta) Time at IAF Current Delay Callsign Aircraft Type 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 21

WHAT MAGNITUDE OF BENEFITS COULD BE PROVIDED BY LINEAR HOLDING ? QTHIS IS DEPENDING UPON AIRPORT AND DEMAND COMBINATION QHOWEVER SOME TYPICAL VALUES ARE ALREADY AVAILABLE 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 22

IN NORMAL CONDITIONS LINEAR HOLDING ALLOWS FUEL SAVING OF 2 x 60’x 85 kg = 10, 200 kg PER DAY AT PARIS ORLY AND 3 x 110’x 85 kg=28, 050 kg PER DAY AT PARIS CDG 14/12/2021 IN HEAVY SITUATION AT PARIS ORLY (100’ min Delay) 60’ OF LINEAR HOLDING ARE SAVING 60’X 85 kg = 5, 100 kg WHILE 40’ OF HOLDING STACK ARE INCREASING FUEL BURN BY 2, 400 kg AT PARIS CDG (225’ min Delay) 60’x 85 kg=5, 100 kg ARE SAVED WHILE 165’x 60 kg =9, 900 kg ARE LOST Air Traffic Management Panel 23

CONCLUSIONS QLINEAR HOLDING REDUCES FUEL BURN QIT WORKS IN REAL LIFE QADDITIONAL BENEFITS CAN BE OBTAINED BY LINEAR HOLDING: 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 24

²REDUCTION OF FLIGHT TIME AT LOW ALTITUDE LOWERING NOISE ²REDUCTION OF FLIGHT TIME IN THE HOLDING STACK REDUCING RISK QLINEAR HOLDING THE WAY AHEAD 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 25

AVIATION OPERATIONAL MEASURES FOR FUEL AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION WORKSHOP Thank you ! 14/12/2021 Air Traffic Management Panel 26