Aviation and Environment Setting the Scene ICAO Secretariat

Aviation and Environment - Setting the Scene ICAO Secretariat Page 1

Aviation in context: contributions across Social, Economic and Environmental pillars of Sustainable Development Global Economy Fast, reliable, and safe mode of transport No comparative alternatives for long haul passenger transport Page 2

ICAO Environmental Goals Limit or reduce the impact of aviation GHG emissions on global climate Limit or reduce the number of people affected by significant aircraft noise Limit or reduce the impact of aviation emissions on local air quality Quantify Mitigate Implement Minimize the adverse effect of global civil aviation on the environment Slide 3

Quantification, Mitigation and Implementation Approach to Quantification through: • Data Collection and Compilation (Noise, NOx, SOx, CO, RTK, Fuels, CO 2 emissions reduction) • Forecasting • Modelling Approach to Mitigation through: • Technology and Standards • Operational Measures • Market-based Measures • Alternative Fuels • Others (land-use planning and environmental control, EMS, etc) Approach to Implementation through: • Balanced Approach for Noise Management / Balanced Approach and Noise charge guidance • LAQ guidance manual / LAQ charge guidance • States’ action plans for CO 2 emissions reduction and Assistance to States / action plan guidance Slide 4

Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection - CAEP Ø Established by the ICAO Council in 1983, superseding the Committee on Aircraft Noise (CAN) and the Committee on Aircraft Engine Emissions (CAEE). Ø Assists the ICAO Council in formulating new policies and adopting new SARPS for aircraft noise and aircraft engine emissions. Ø Undertakes specific studies related to control of noise and emissions. ICAO ASSEMBLY Council Air Transport Committee Air Navigation Commission Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection Slide 5

ICAO SARPs and Guidance ICAO SARPs Annex 16 – Volume I Aircraft Noise & Volume II Aircraft Engine Emissions ICAO GUIDANCE (examples) NOISE – Guidance on the Balanced Approach to Aircraft Noise Management (Doc 9829) EMISSIONS – Guidance on the Use of Emissions Trading for Aviation (Doc 9885) Slide 6

ICAO Policy on Environment A 37 -18: Consolidated statement of continuing ICAO policies and practices related to environmental protection – General provisions, noise and local air quality A 37 -19: Consolidated statement of continuing ICAO policies and practices related to environmental protection – Climate change Slide 7

Key Elements of Assembly Resolution A 37 -19 1. Global aspirational goals for the international aviation sector of improving 2% annual fuel efficiency and stabilizing its global CO 2 emissions at 2020 levels, and further work to explore the feasibility of a long-term global aspirational goal 2. Development of a global CO 2 certification Standard for aircraft 3. Facilitation of developing and deploying sustainable alternative fuels for aviation Slide 8

Key Elements of Assembly Resolution A 37 -19 4. Development of a framework for market-based measures (MBMs), and exploration of a global MBM scheme 5. States’ action plans, covering information on CO 2 emissions reduction activities and assistance needs - States to identify measures on CO 2 emissions reduction activities ICAO to monitor progress in achieving the global aspirational goals and address assistance needs of States 6. Concrete steps to assist States to contribute to global efforts Slide 9

CO 2 Emissions Trends Slide 10

Basket of Measures • • • Aircraft related technology development Operational improvements Sustainable Alternative fuels Market-based measures Other Slide 11

Technology and Standards: Development of a CO 2 Standard • The aircraft CO 2 Standard will result in a new Annex 16 Vol. III • Two phases in the approach: – Phase 1 • Development of CO 2 Certification Requirement (metric system, procedures, applicability); – Phase 2 • CO 2 Standard setting process (stringency levels, technology responses, cost effectiveness assessments and interdependencies). CO 2 certification requirements agreed by CAEP/9 in February 2013 Slide 12

Operational Improvements • Improved air traffic management and infrastructure use • More efficient operations Slide 13

Sustainable drop-in Alternative Fuels for Aviation • One of the most exiting and promising opportunities for reducing aviation CO 2 emissions, while improving local air quality • Airlines are using sustainable drop -in biofuels from different feedstocks that do not require changes to aircraft or fuel delivery infrastructure • Technological aspects are proved to be viable • Challenges: – Scale-up production – lower costs – Harmonization of sustainability criteria (lifecycle CO 2 benefits) Slide 14

Market-Based Measures • MBMs aim to contribute to the achievement of environmental goals, at a lower cost, and in a more flexible manner, than traditional command control regulatory measures • The 37 th Assembly requested the development of a framework for MBMs, and the exploration of a global MBM scheme • Substantial effort by ICAO in responding to requests for a global scheme and a framework for MBMs • Feasibility of three options for a global MBM scheme recognized by the ICAO council • Next steps for a global MBM scheme and proposal on the framework for MBMs are to be considered by the 38 th Assembly Slide 15

States’ Action Plans • For States Opportunity to identify and communicate measures to address CO 2 emissions from international aviation as well as any assistance needs to implement the measures Communication Tool between ICAO and its Member States • For ICAO Assess the global progress towards the achievement of aspirational goals and address specific assistance needs of States. Concrete action to address CO 2 emissions Slide 16

Current status of the Action Plan submitted Slide 17

Assistance requested by States Assistance requested to ICAO /ENV to develop Action Plan Assistance requested to ICAO/TCB/ENV to develop/implement Action Plan Assistance requested to ICAO for the implementation of measures identified through Action Plan Slide 18

ICAO ENV Tools Carbon Emissions Calculator to calculate the carbon dioxide emissions from air travel for use in offset programmes Green Meetings Calculator to support decision-making in reducing the carbon emissions from air travel to attend meetings Additionally available as Apple and Android applications Fuel Savings Estimation Tool to assist the States to estimate fuel savings from operational improvements in a manner consistent with the models approved by CAEP and aligned with the Global Air Navigation Plan Slide 19

Cooperation Slide 20

Key ENV Deliverables (2010 – 2013) Trends Assessment – Noise, LAQ, CO 2 ICORAS/EDM Action Plans Assembly Resolutions • A 37 -18: Noise and LAQ emissions • A 37 -19: Climate change ICAO SARPs Annex 16, Vol. I (noise); Vol. II (LAQ emissions; new Vol. III (CO 2) - in progress ICAO Guidance (e. g. Airport Air Quality Manual, Guidance for States’ Action Plans) Alternative Fuels (e. g. Workshop, Rio+20 initiative, SUSTAF experts group) MBMs Analyses – MBM experts group UN Cooperation / Outreach ENV Tools & Apps for Apple and Android Slide 21

Additional information For more information on our activities, please visit ICAO’ website: http: //www. icao. int/env Slide 22