Availability of LowGWP Alternatives Options for Near Term

Availability of Low-GWP Alternatives Options for Near Term & Longer Term Transitions OZONACTION NETWORK FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN OCTOBER 6 -8 2010 Mexico, D. F. Cindy Newberg, Branch Chief Alternatives & Emissions Reduction Branch US Environmental Protection Agency

Scope of Presentation • Context: ODS and HFCs • Availability of Substitutes: Different Sectors at Different Times – Specific Examples • SNAP • Summary

Relationship Between Ozone Depleting Substances and Greenhouse Gases Ozone Depleting Substances (Halogen Gases) Halons Methyl Chloride (CH 3 Cl) H-1301 H-1211 Methyl Bromide (CH 3 Br) Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl 4) Methyl Chloroform (CH 3 CCl 3) HFCs CO 2 HFC-23 HFC-134 a HFC-125 N 2 O HCFCs CH 4 SF 6 CFCs CFC-11 CFC-12 CFC-113 PFCs

Many Substitutes Available and More on the Way • “The ultimate choice of technology to phase-out HCFCs will be based on ozone depletion and also climate impact, health, safety, affordability and availability, as Decision XIX/6 requires” May 2010 TEAP XXI/9 Task Force Report Assessment Of HCFCs and Environmentally Sound Alternatives • 2010 TEAP Progress Report – – Substitutes for many sectors and sub-sectors available Additional substitutes under development Global acceptance for alternatives strengthening Potential to skip higher-GWP HFC alternatives, go directly to lower GWP alternatives

Sectors Will Transition at Different Times • Various factors will influence speed of transition – Domestic and regional requirements, e. g. , European F-Gas rule – Availability of alternatives – Advanced design options that reduce charge size – Global expansion of air-conditioning and refrigeration – Proven technologies, ability to avoid multiple transitions – Opportunity to focus on sectors instead of chemicals • Examples follow

Potential Near Term Transition: Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning Passenger Cars and Light Duty Trucks: Buses and Trains:

Available Options: Commercial Refrigeration Stand-Alone Equipment Condensing Unit Systems Multiplex Rack Systems

Changing Chemicals Is Not Only Option Advanced Refrigeration System Designs: • Distributed systems & indirect systems available – Distributed systems can lower refrigerant charge by 30– 50% – Indirect systems can lower refrigerant charge by 50– 80% • Europe: indirect systems are norm • US: distributed systems ~40% of new installations and indirect systems are gaining significant market share Supermarkets can reduce HFC use by changing system designs

Available & Near Term Options: Unitary A/C Alternatives to R-407 C & R-410 A: - lower GWP HFCs, e. g. , HFC-32 - HCs and CO 2 - potentially HFOs, blends

How U. S. Could Meet HFC Phasedown Known Reduction Opportunities

Country “A” Baseline • Makeup – – – 20% Mobile AC (HFC) 5% Refrigeration (HFC) 20% Refrigeration (HCFC) 30% Stationary AC (HCFC) 20% Foam (HCFC) 5% Other Sectors (HCFC) • Growth Rates: – 10% 2010 -2030 (majority of HCFC phased out) – 1% 2030 -2050 (population growth)

How Country “A” Could Meet the HFC Phasedown

Identifying Safer Alternatives • USEPA evaluates & lists substitutes that reduce overall risk to human health & environment • Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program reviews: – – – ODP and GWP Flammability Toxicity Contributions to smog Aquatic and ecosystem effects Occupational health and safety • 400+ substitutes reviewed for end uses in 8 sectors: – Alternatives acceptable, unacceptable, or acceptable with use conditions • Prohibited or restricted e. g. , from use in occupied settings, unacceptable where safer alternatives exist for same uses

What’s Ahead for SNAP? • SNAP evaluating substitutes that, compared to current options, offer significantly lower- or no-GWP choices • Lower-GWP alternatives in SNAP review (examples): – Proposed acceptable with use conditions: • HCs for stand-alone commercial refrigeration • HCs for residential refrigerator/freezer • HFO-1234 yf for new motor vehicle air conditioners • CO 2 for new motor vehicle air conditioners

Summary • Suite of known alternatives, technologies, and better handling can significantly reduce HFC consumption in near and long term • Considering HCFCs and HFCs together allows for focus on the sectors, rather than chemicals – In some cases, may reduce need for multiple transitions • Today there are substitutes for many sectors and subsectors available • Additional substitutes under development – Similar to ODS phaseout

Questions and Comments • Thank You • For More Information, Visit: – U. S. EPA’s Website on Ozone Layer Depletion: • http: //www. epa. gov/ozone/strathome. html – Information and analysis of Amendment Proposal including sector fact sheets: • http: //www. epa. gov/ozone/intpol/mpagreement. html