Autonomous Action Strategy Making by Lower Level Managers

Autonomous Action: Strategy Making by Lower- Level Managers Another criticism leveled at the rational planning model of strategy is that too much importance is attached to the role of top management, and particularly the CEO. An alternative view now widely accepted is that individual employees deep within an organization can and often do exert a profound influence over the strategic direction of the firm. ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی گیﺮی ﻫﺎی ﻣﺪیﺮﺍﻥ ﻣیﺎﻧی : ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﺪیﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ پیﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻫﻤیﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘی ﺭیﺰی ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی ﻣﺪﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﻘﺪﻫﺎی ﺍﺯ ﺩیگﺮ یکی . ﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺪیﺮ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﻄﺢ پﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﻓﺮﺩ کﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍیﻦ ﺑﻪ. ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ پﺬیﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍی گﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺎیگﺰیﻦ ﺩیﺪگﺎﻩ یک ﺍکﻨﻮﻥ . گﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣی ﻋﻤیﻘی ﺗﺎﺛیﺮ ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی ﺩﻫی ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ Autonomous: Free - ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ Criticism: Analysis - ﻧﻘﺪ Rational: Logical – ﻣﻨﻄﻘی Attached: Devoted to - پیﻮﺳﺘﻪ Particularly: Especially - ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ Alternative: Replacement - ﺟﺎیگﺰیﻦ Widely: Usually – ﺍی گﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ Individual: Singular – ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ Exert: Apply – ﺑکﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻥ Profound: Thoughtful – ﻋﻤیﻖ Direction: Way – ﺟﻬﺖ Firm: Company – ﺷﺮکﺖ Within: Inside - ﺩﺭﻭﻥ Influence: Effect - ﺗﺎﺛیﺮ

Autonomous Action: Strategy Making by Lower- Level Managers Autonomous action may be particularly important in helping established companies to deal with the uncertainty created by the arrival of a radical new technology that changes the dominant paradigm in an industry. Top managers usually rise to preeminence by successfully executing the established strategy of the firm. ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی گیﺮی ﻫﺎی ﻣﺪیﺮﺍﻥ ﻣیﺎﻧی : ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ آﻤﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺮﺩیﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎﺳیﺲ ﻫﺎی ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺑﻪ کﻤک ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺻی ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻤکﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ . ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟگﻮی کﻪ ﺟﺪیﺪ ﺗکﻨﻮﻟﻮژی ﺑﻨیﺎﻥ یک ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ . ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺗﺎﺳیﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺗکﻤیﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺷگﺮﻓی ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺪیﺮﺍﻥ Particularly: Mostly – ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ Established: Traditional – ﺩﺍﺭ ﺭیﺸﻪ Uncertainty: Doubt – ﺗﺮﺩیﺪ Arrival: Entrance – ﻭﺭﻭﺩ Radical: Basic – ﺑﻨیﺎﻥ Dominant: Forceful – ﻣﺴﻠﻂ Paradigm: Model – ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ Preeminence: Excellence - ﺑﺮﺗﺮ Executing: Complete - ﺗکﻤیﻞ Rise: Start - ﺷﺮﻭﻉ

Serendipity and Strategy Serendipitous discoveries and events can open up all sorts of profitable avenues for a company. But some companies have missed out on profitable opportunities because serendipitous discoveries or events were inconsistent with their prior (planned) conception of what their strategy should be. ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی ﻭ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ . ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺑﺮﺍی آﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﺩ ﻫﺎی ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣی ﻏیﺮﻣﺘﺮﻗﺒﻪ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻭ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭیﻬﺎ ، ﺍکﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻀﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺭﻭیﺪﺍﺩ ﺍیﻦ ﺍیﻨکﻪ ﺩﻟیﻞ ﺑﻪ. ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻣی ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺳﻮﺩآﻮﺭی ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧی ﺍﻣﺎ . ﺍﺳﺖ آﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﺮکﺖ ﻗﺒﻠی ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭیﺰی ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی Avenue: Possibility – ﻓﺮﺻﺖ Inconsistent: Conflicting - ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ Prior: Previous – ﻗﺒﻞ Conception: Idea – ﺍیﺪﻩ