Autonomic nervous system Inervation of smooth muscle myocardium

Autonomic nervous system Inervation of ■ smooth muscle ■ myocardium ■ glands

■ relative independence on CNS ■ neurons in both CNS and PNS ■ functionally is divided into: sympathetic system parasympathetic system enteric system ■ afferent ( viscerosensory) fibers accompany efferent fibers

CNS SM (GSE) neuron VM (GVE) neuron PNS autonomic ganglion pregangl. postgangl. fibers fiber myelinated unmyelinated cholinergic adrenergic skeletal muscle smooth muscle myocardium glands

cranial parasympathetic system sympathetic thoracic-lumbar system sacral parasympathetic system

Parasympathetic system Anabolic reactions (activities associated with conservation and restoration of body resources) ■ decreases heart rate ■ decreases cardiac output ■ constricts coronary arteries ■ relaxes bronchi ■ constricts pupil (miosis) ■ accommodation (near vision) ■ increases GIT motility ■ stimulates secretion of watery saliva

Sympathetic system Catabolic reaction (activities that are mobilized during emergency and stress situations, “fight, fright and flight” responses) ■ dilates coronary arteries ■ increases heart rate ■ increases cardiac output ■ dilates bronchi ■ inhibits GIT motility ■ dilates pupil (mydriasis) ■ stimulates sweat glands secretion ■ stimulates secretion of viscous saliva anatomie

Sympathetic system Central part: ncl. intermediolateralis Peripheral part: pregangl. fibres rr. com. albi C 8 -L 2 Ganglion postgangl. fibres Acetylcholine Noradrenalin

Parasympathetic system Central part: CN III, VII, IX, X ncl. intermediolat. Peripheral part: S 2 -4 Ganglion postgangl. fibres pregangl. fibres Acetylcholine

Ganglia Ciliare, oticum, submand. , pterygop. Ggll. in organs para vertebral pre vertebral Symp. trunk Aortic plexuses

Ganglia tr. sympathici R. com. grisseus postgangl. f. R. com. albus pregangl. f.

rr. viscerales rr. vasculares Nn. cardiaci N. caroticus To prevertebral plexuses nn. splanchnici

Sympathetic heart rate coronary arteries bronchioles pupil gall bladder salivary secretion GIT Parasympathetic increase dilation decrease constriction relaxation dilation (mydriasis) contraction viscous constriction (miosis) relaxation watery inhibition of acceleration

I. Pars sympat. Paravertebral ganglia truncus symphaticus cervical 3 thoracic 10 - 11 lumbar 4 -5 sacral 4 - 5 ganglion impar Prevertebral ganglia coeliacum mesentericum sup. aorticorenale mesentericum inf. -

rr. interganglionares R. comm. albus

ar. PPG int n. nn. car-tymp a. facialis SMG int . r. ar. . c a. max. nn OG . ex t. a. men. med. ca ris ju gu la a. c n. CG m. orbitalis, mm. tarsales rr. orbitales Ganglia cervicalia SCG CN X. CN IX. rr. laryngophar. rr. com. grisei C 1 -4 n. card. Transverse cerv. sup. processes of C 2 -4

a. car. com. rr. com grisei C 4, 5 cl. MCG a. su b gl. thyr. , parathyr. n. cardiacus cerv. med. plx vertebr. SG rr. com grisei C 7, 8 Th 1 -3 n. card. cerv. inf. Transverse processes of C 6, 7

rr. com grisei - nn. intercost. nn. cardiaci th. rr. pulmonales rr. oesophagei rr. vasculares - aa. intercost. - aorta > plx. aorticus thorac. Ggll. thoracica pr e 6 9 11 -a nd po st ga ng l. f . n. splanch. major n. splanchn. minor imus (1/3)

Ggl. cerv. sup. Ggl. cerv. med. Ggl. cerv-th

Ganglia lumbalia Ganglia sacralia Ganglion impar 4 -5 1 Rr. com. grisei (L 1 – Co) Nn. splanch. lumb. (plx. aorticus abd. ) Nn. splanch. sacrales (plx. hypogastr. )

Ganglion lumbale Nn. splanchnici lumbales Ganglion sacrale

Prevertebral Ggl. coeliacum Ggl. mes. sup. Ggl. aorticor. Ggl. mes. inf. ganglia Coeliacum Mesentericum sup. Aorticorenale Mesentericum inf.

Ggl. ciliare N. nasociliaris afferents Ggl. cervic. sup. m. dilat. pup. vessels CN III E-W Ggl. ciliare m. sph. pup. m. ciliaris

Ggl. pterygopalat. Ggl. cervic. sup. Nn. pterygop. taste + SS gl. lacrim. CN VII n. petr. ncl. sal. major sup Canalis pteryg. nasal, paranasal, Ggl. pterygop. pharyng. , palatal glands

Ggl. submand. N. lingualis is l a Ggl. cervic. sup. gu in l. n CN VII Chorda ncl. sal. tymp. sup. Ggl. submand. afferents from 2/3 of tongue taste from tongue gl. submand. gl. sublingual glands

Ggl. oticum CN VII N. auriculotemporalis Ggl. ncl. sal. Plx. oticum sup. tympanicus Gl. n. p CN IX n. t parotis ym min etr. p. ncl. sal. . inf. Ggl. cervic. sup. glands of cheeks

Ncl. p. CN X pharynx, oesophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart, stomach, liver, kidneys, intestine to flex. coli sin. , genital glands

Sacral parasympathetic s. Ncl. intermediolat. pregangl. f. - nn. splanch. pelvici to plx. hypog. sup. et inf. - ganglia pelvica > postgangl. f. - effectors intestine from flexura coli sin. organs of pelvis (exept genital glands) erectile bodies of penis and clitoris

ANS innervates organs of thorax, abdomen and pelvis through mixed autonomic plexuses Thorax Plx. card. superf. et prof. Plx. aorticus thoracicus Plx. pulmonalis Plx. eosophageus

Abdomen Plx. aorticus abdom. coeliacus. . . hepaticus, gastrici, lienalis, pancreaticus renalis et suprarenalis testicularis / ovaricus uretericus mesent. sup. (n. vagus) mesent. inf. (sacral parasymp. )

Pelvis * Plx. hypogastr. sup. ** N. hypogastr. dx. et sin. *** Plx. hypogastr. inf. * ** *** > plexus: rectales medii et inferiores vesicales prostaticus deferentialis uterovaginalis cavernosi penis / clitoridis

Plx. hypogastr. sup. N. hypogastricus Plx. hypogastr. inf. Plx. vesicalis Plx. rectalis Plx. prostaticus

Enteric system ■ neurons and interneurons in the wall of digestive tube Plx. myentericus Auerbachi Plx. submucosus Meissneri ■ plexuses contain small ganglia

■ ganglia receive signals: from receptors of GIT from CNS via symp. a parasymp. nerves ■ through interneurons ■ control activity of GIT through stimulation or inhibition of motoneurons of enteric system = controls tonus and motions of digestive tube and secretion of glands

enteric VS neuron enteric interneuron enteric motor neuron l. muscularis mucosae Meissner plexus stratum circulare symp. and parasympath. f. stratum longitudinale Auerbach plexus

Illustrations and photographs were copied from: Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta. Putz, R. , und Pabst, R. 20. Auflage. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993 Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy. Windows Version 2. 0