AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATOR Presented by K J Fatema

AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATOR Presented by K. J. Fatema 070909 SK. Masud Rana 070915 1

Presented to Dr. Md. Maniruzzaman Professor & Head, ECE Discipline Md. Ziaul Amin Assistant professor , ECE Discipline Khulna University 2

Contents What is AVL technology ? Tracking system Working principle of GPS based AVL More about GPS Integrating AVL with other systems Applications in other fields System benefits and cost Challenges 3

What is AVL Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) systems calculate the real-time location of any vehicle equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver AVL is that it can use base station software to automatically display vehicles on a realistic geographic map 4

Components • Simple AVL systems include 1. computer -aided dispatch software, 2. Mobile data terminals, 3. Emergency alarms, 4. Digital communications More sophisticated AVL Systems may be integrated automatic stop annunciation, automated destination signs, Vehicle component monitoring, and Traffic signal priority.

Visualization of AVL System

AVL Technology Automated Vehicle Locator (AVL) systems use satellite and land communications to display each vehicle's location, status, heading, and speed on the computer's screen. • AVL systems use one of four types of navigation technology 1. Global Positioning System (GPS) 2. Dead-Reckoning System 3. Signpost/Odometer System 4. Radio Navigation/Location 7

Tracking Systems • There are two types of tracking systems 1. Passive Tracking : The Passive Tracking System modality refers to stand-alone GPS Receivers, which store data for further process 2. Real Time Tracking : Real Time Tracking Systems are based on mobile stand-alone terminals which combine GPS and GSM technology to determinate and transmit their position. 8

Working of GPS based AVL GPS Satellite : The GPS satellites locate the transit vehicles by sending out GPS signals to be picked up by vehicles GPS UNITS. The GPS unit in the vehicle absorbs the signals and gives radio signals to the RADIO system.

Radio system : The RADIO systems receive the vehicle GEO-LOCATION coordinates and transmits this radio signals to communication center Communication center : It receives this information and uses it to determine the location of transit vehicle and sends this to dispatch stations and other stations for further analysis 10

Dispatch Section : The dispatch section uses the vehicle information to maintain transit schedules and provide operational support to the drivers. Customer Assistance Unit : This section use vehicle location map and helps to maintain transit schedules to analyze and provide traffic information for other road way driver. 11

GPRS based GPS-GSM Vehicle Tracking GPS satellites Internet Main server Vehicle with AVL system GPS receiver Vehicle controller GSM modem GSM tower Display of vehicle location

What is GPS The Global Positioning System (GPS) is worldwide, satellite-based, radio navigation system. A GPS receiver acquires this signal and provides the information of location, velocity and time.

GPS Technology Formally GPS known as NAVSTAR (Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging ) GPS technology requires three segments • Space segment • Control segment • User segment 14

Space Segment GPS consists of a network of 24 satellites in six different 12 -hour orbital paths spaced so that at least four are in view from every point on the globe. GPS satellites constantly send coded radio signal (known as pseudorandom code)

Control segment is responsible for monitoring satellite health, signal integrity and orbital configuration from the ground. Control segment includes three sections Monitor stations Master control station (MCS) Ground antennas 16

User segment GPS user segment consists of your GPS receiver. Receiver collects and processes signal from the GPS satellite and use that information to display your location, velocity, time and so forth.

How Does GPS Technology Work • The control segment constantly monitors the GPS constellation and upload information to satellite. • GPS receiver determine your current location, velocity and time • GPS receiver can calculate other information as trip distance, distance of destination, sun rise and sun set time and so forth. • GPS receiver display the applicable information on screen. 18

Sources of Errors GPS receivers are account for errors. Some errors in GPS system are: Ionosphere and Troposphere Delays Orbital Errors Receiver Clock Errors Number Satellite Visible 19

Mapping At any control station, data is normally required to be viewed on a map and it’s called mapping.

Product contents of AVL-2000 G

Integrating AVL With other Systems Opportunities include: Providing transit buses with traffic signal priority Obtaining traffic congestion data at the dispatch center to allow rerouting of buses or informing customers of delay Using buses to automatically communicate traffic speed. Reporting of roadway incidents by transit vehicle operators. 22

Use of AVL 1. Vehicle location display in real-time. 2. Recording of arrival and departure times (proof of delivery etc). 3. Monitoring of driving practices. 4. Alerts if vehicle leaves or enters a defined area. 5. Provides graphic or tabular report of vehicle activity (i. e. , dwell time, speed). 23

Applications in other fields In Military Geo-Caching Track Anything GPS Location Collar Animal control Fleet control In Cargo GPS in Cargo

Child Tracking : Such a device could provide valuable information if a child is abducted or lost. Signals could be sent from the tracker every few minutes to a central site

Benefits Operations: Increases transit rider ship. Reduced need for additional road supervisors and manual data entry Communications: Improved communications between supervisors, dispatchers, and operators and reduced voice radio traffic. Passenger Information: It provides real-time passenger information, automatic passenger counters 26

• Scheduling and Planning: Provides more complete and accurate data for scheduling and planning. Safety and Security: Enhances the security of the driver and traveler (particularly when coupled with silent alarm technology). 27

Costs of AVL expenses include Procurement costs to install the equipment and the software both on-board buses and at the operations/dispatch center. Labor costs for maintenance of on-board AVL equipment and operations center equipment Most per-vehicle costs reported by the respondents of the 2003 TCRP survey ranged from $2, 000 to $5, 000 28

Challenges The biggest challenge for implementing AVL is lengthy procurement and installation period (particularly software development and integration of technical components). Other challenges are : Implementation Challenges Operations Challenges 29

Thanks For listening

? ? Question Session