AUTO POWER SUPPLY CONTROL FROM 4 DIFFERENT SOURCES

AUTO POWER SUPPLY CONTROL FROM 4 DIFFERENT SOURCES: SOLAR, MAINS, GENERATOR & INVERTOR TO ENSURE NO BREAK POWER

ABSTRACT • The main scope of the project is to consume the power supply from mains, generator, and inverter and solar most effectively. • The outline of the project is selection of supply from mains, generator, and inverter and solar automatically by using microcontroller • To give an uninterrupted power supply to the load

BLOCK DIAGRAM

HARD WARE EQUIPMENTS • POWER SUPPLY BLOCK • MICROCONTROLLER (AT 89 S 52/AT 89 C 51) • ULN 2003 • RELAY • LCD • LED • 1 N 4007 • RESISTORS & CAPACITORS

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Definition for : - EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Ø A combination of hardware and software which together form a component of a larger machine. Ø An example of an embedded system is a microprocessor that controls an automobile engine. Ø An embedded system is designed to run on its own without human intervention, and may be required to respond to events in real time.

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

MICRO CONTROLLER Ø Compatible with MCS®-51 Products Ø 8 K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory Ø 4. 0 V to 5. 5 V Operating Range Ø Crystal Frequency 11. 0592 MHZ Ø Three-level Program Memory Lock Ø 256 x 8 -bit Internal RAM Ø 32 Programmable I/O Lines Ø Three 16 -bit Timer/Counters Ø Eight Interrupt Sources Ø Full Duplex UART Serial Channel Ø Watchdog Timer AT 89 S 52

PIN DIAGRAM OF AT 89 S 52

RELAY ØIT IS A ELECTRO MAGNETIC SWITCH ØUSED TO CONTROL THE ELECTRICAL DEVICES ØCOPPER CORE MAGNETIC FLUX PLAYS MAIN ROLE HERE

Relay Driver ULN 2003 Ø ULN is Relay driver application Ø The ULN 2003 is a monolithic high voltage and high current Darlington transistor arrays. Ø It consists of seven NPN Darlington pairs that features high-voltage outputs with common-cathode clamp diode for switching inductive loads. Ø The collector-current rating of a single Darlington pair is 500 m. A. Ø The Darlington pairs may be paralleled for higher current capability.

Contd … • The ULN functions as an inverter. • If the logic at input 1 B is high then the output at its corresponding pin 1 C will be low.

LED LEDs are semiconductor devices are made out of silicon When current passes through the LED, it emits photons as a byproduct. Normal light bulbs produce light by heating a metal filament until its white hot LEDs present many advantages over traditional light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size and faster switching

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD) ØMost common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16 x 2 and 20 x 2 displays. ØThis means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively. ØThe standard is referred to as HD 44780 U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with the LCD.

LCD BACKGROUND Ø If an 8 -bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines (3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus) Ø The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW Ø EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data) Ø RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command) (When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data ) Ø R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD) (When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Embedded C , ALP (Assembly Language) COMPILERS: Keil 2. 0/3. 0 uv DUMPING SOFT WARE: Using Micro controller flash Software we are dumping our HEX Code into Micro Controller

KEIL COMPILER WINDOW

BIBILOGRAPHY Ø The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems” by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson Education. Ø ATMEL 89 S 52 Data Sheets. Ø www. atmel. com Ø www. beyondlogic. org Ø www. wikipedia. org Ø www. howstuffworks. com Ø www. alldatasheets. com

THANK ‘Q’