Authors Nurzhan Zhumabekuly Aitzhan Davor Svetinovic Source IEEE

Authors: Nurzhan Zhumabekuly Aitzhan, Davor Svetinovic Source: IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, Vol. 15, pp. 840 - 852, Sept. 2018 Speaker: Kai-Fan Chien Date: 2018/12/13

§ Introduction § Related Work § Token-Based Decentralized Energy Trading System § Evaluation § Conclusions 2

§ Smart Grids ØEnergy efficiency ØDistributed energy resources § Data ØSensor ØCustomer 3

§ The centralized energy trading. Ø Single point of failure. Ø Lack of privacy and anonymity. Customer A middleman Customer B middleman Customer A Customer B 4

§ Blockchain ØDecentralization ØImmutability Miner A, B, C Block A Block C Block B Block D Block § Proof-of-Work ØDouble Spend attack Miner D Block E Miner D Miner A, B, C 5

Block A Tx List: § Blockchain ØDecentralized ØImmutability Miner. D use wallet A to Transfer 0. 1 BTC to Coffee Shop Block A Tx List: Block A § Proof-of-Work ØDouble Spend attack Block C Miner. D use wallet A to Transfer 0. 1 BTC to Restaurant Miner A, B, C Block B Miner D Block E Miner D Miner A, B, C 6

2/3 § Multi-Signatures Martin Distribution System Operator (DSO) Bob Mary § Anonymous Messaging Streams Ø Pri. Watt system ü Unique strings of 36 alphanumeric characters ü New messaging addresses 7

2/3 § Multi-Signatures !! Martin Distribution System Operator (DSO) Bob Mary § Anonymous Messaging Streams Ø Pri. Watt system [1] ü Unique strings of 36 alphanumeric characters (A-Z, 0 -9) ü New messaging addresses for each new trade negotiation [1] J. Warren, "Bitmessage: A peer-to-peer message authentication and delivery system", Oct. 2012, [online] Available: https: //goo. gl/1 Rw. R 5. 8

üCase 1: § Trading Full Ownership of Stored Energy Ø Bob is a prosumer. Ø Alice is a customer. Ø Distribution System Operator (DSO) is a mediator. 9

u. Energy Injecting DSO Bob Auction board 10

u. Matching and Validation message Alice Bob true or false DSO Price Auction board 11

u. After the payment Alice Bob Alice DSO 12

üCase 2: § Trading Partial Ownership over a Micro-Payment Channel § Pri. Watt defines refund locked time to 24 hours 10 X Alice 5 X Bob DSO =1$ 13

§ Systems Performance and Scalability Analysis Ø Transaction propagation is 5. 3 sec and the mean is 11. 5 sec Ø Bitcoin blockchain can process 7 transactions per second, Visa scales to 2, 000 transactions per second § Systems Security Analysis and Evaluation Ø Double spending Ø Digital signing 14

§ Systems Attacks and Requirements Evaluation Ø SQUARE method smart grid as a case study Ø 23 attacks Ø Pri. Watt 20 requirements § System Threats and Limitations Ø Difficult to justify a decentralized SG as a replacement Ø By joining mining pools 51% attack Ø The number of transactions blockchain technology 15

§ Token-based private decentralized energy trading system § Prevent failure § Combat double-spending attacks 16