Austroads developments in skid resistance Kym Neaylon ARRB

Austroads developments in skid resistance Kym Neaylon, ARRB Dr Young Choi, ARRB

Outline • Introduce Austroads • 3 Austroads projects – 1. New policy guidelines for the management of skid resistance – 2. Review of measurement methods – 3. Reference stone for the Australian PAFV test • 2 The PAFV/PSV test and today's traffic? www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Austroads Comprises • All Australian state and territory road transport and traffic authorities • Commonwealth department of infrastructure and transport • Australian local government association • NZ transport agency 3 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Austroads Purpose • Provide expert advice • Facilitate collaboration • Promote harmonisation, consistency and uniformity • Undertake strategic research • Promote improved and consistent practices 4 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Austroads Typical process for research work • Various committees identify research needs • Project scoped and approved • Workshop held for stakeholder views • Project group established - nominations from each state • ARRB undertakes research with input from the project group 5 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Recent Austroads skid publications • 2005 Guidelines • 2009 Skid resistance • 2009 Texture • 2011 Policy • All downloadable from www. austroads. com. au publications 6 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

2011 Guide for development of policy Skid monitoring programs and investigatory limits • Are based on UK systems • Australian climate, traffic intensity, road network different • A single approach does not fit all Australia ‘Zones of Regional similarities’ developed • Rainfall • Population • Topography • Traffic • Climate 7 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Zones of regional similarity www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Zones of regional similarity Generic zone www. arrb. com. au Minimum level of testing required 1 – low skid resistance demand Process monitoring. (e. g. network laser texture surveys or visual analysis as minimum) 2 – medium skid resistance demand Targeted testing. (e. g. portable and towed devices such as British Pendulum, Grip. Tester, as a minimum) 3 – high skid resistance demand Network Monitoring. (e. g. SCRIM where cost effective) 4 – High Density SCRIM, or Grip. Tester for Urban inaccessible sites (Brisbane, 9 Sydney, Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Review of measurement methods Literature review (in publication) Factors • Slip ratio • Slip speed • Water film thickness • Test tyre • Temperature • Etc…. . • Every device varies! 10 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Review of measurement methods Correlation and harmonisation exercises • Australian & New Zealand, 2000, 2003, 2005 • PIARC in 1990 s – – 47 measurement devices 16 countries 67 parameters IFI • HERMES in 2000 s – 15 measurement devices – 5 countries – EFI 11 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Review of measurement methods Correlation and harmonisation exercises cont. • TYROSAFE in 2007 – – 12 European consortium Reviewed previous projects Concluded there is no scale or system that can harmonise Standardisation is the ultimate degree of harmonisation www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Review of measurement methods What now for Australia? • Harmonisation trials abandoned • Jurisdictions to carefully choose their testing device • Then retain its use over a long period of time • Different testing devices are appropriate for different zones • Monitored calibration exercises for all – SCRIMs – Grip. Testers – British pendulum testers 13 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

PSV test and PAFV test • Quirky Australian history of 1960 s ( see Appendix A of Austroads (2011) Guidance for the Development of Policy to Manage Skid Resistance) 14 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

PSV and PAFV tests • Australian PAFV test ≈ rest of world’s PSV test • British stone, grit and tyres were to expensive to procure in Aust • PAFV developed mid 1970 s as a surrogate for PSV • Different reference stone, grit and tyres → PAFV • Designed to closely replicate PSV • Most states use vertical wheel • One state uses a horizontal bed Photo: R. Yeo Photo: AS 1141. 41 – 1984 (superseded) 15 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Reference stone for PAFV test • Australian PAFV test ≈ rest of world’s PSV test • Not only a different test, but also a different reference stone. • Stockpiles of reference stone developed 30 years ago are now depleted • Austroads has decided to re-adopt the UK reference stone. • PAFV/PSV test still has a number of years remaining • Austroads running proficiency studies, correlation, etc 16 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

The PSV test and today's traffic • PSV test developed about 65 years ago • Questions: – Different traffic stresses now? – Many questions on relationship with road on-site performance! – Relationship to crashes? • Alternatives? 17 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Wehner Schulze test? Photos: K Neaylon 18 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Micro-Deval with aggregate imaging? Photos: Robert Myers Associates 19 www. arrb. com. au Photos: Pine instruments Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

NCAT three wheel polisher with CTM? Photo: NCAT 20 www. arrb. com. au Photo: D Wilson Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Any other alternatives to PSV? ? 21 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

Conclusion: “partnerships in practice” • Skid resistance in Australia relies on partnerships – – Stakeholders Jurisdictions Working groups are used extensively Draw on world wide activities • Australia believes it has a variety of local conditions – International solutions adapted, before they are adopted. • Australia needs to participate within the international community 22 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions

For more information Contact: Kym Neaylon National Technical Leader Sustainable Infrastructure Science ARRB Group Melbourne, Australia Kym. neaylon@arrb. com. au Telephone: +61 (3) 9881 1629 Mobile: +61 (4) 3043 7172 www. arrb. com. au Trusted advisor to road authorities for technical input and solutions