Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute Study group 3

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Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute

Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute

Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of

Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work focused mandate for a future working group

International Military Terminology A threefold choice • 1) NATO-terminology? • 2) National terminologies translated

International Military Terminology A threefold choice • 1) NATO-terminology? • 2) National terminologies translated into English? • 3) National terminologies compared between each other?

1) NATO-terminology • Standardized NATO-terminology (English. French) - i. e. the concepts – have

1) NATO-terminology • Standardized NATO-terminology (English. French) - i. e. the concepts – have to be adopted, not (only) translated Source: NATO STANAGs

2) National terminologies in English or French • National terminology translated into English or

2) National terminologies in English or French • National terminology translated into English or French is NOT NATOterminology, but can support mutual understanding

3) National terminologies compared • National terminologies compared and translated into different languages is

3) National terminologies compared • National terminologies compared and translated into different languages is NOT NATO-terminology but can support mutual understanding.

What is the goal? • Interoperability and international cooperation demand standardized concepts and procedures

What is the goal? • Interoperability and international cooperation demand standardized concepts and procedures a mere translation of terminology will not meet that goal

Terminological database Termbase • The termbase: an efficient way of maintaining and providing terminology

Terminological database Termbase • The termbase: an efficient way of maintaining and providing terminology

Core process – Terminology work Sample entry containing the most important and most frequent

Core process – Terminology work Sample entry containing the most important and most frequent data categories: subject field (on concept level), status, source, definition, explanation, context, additional remarks as „Joker field“ KOTZIAN 2010

How many languages? • Mono-lingual, bi-lingual or multilingual? • Prerequisite for a multilingual termbase

How many languages? • Mono-lingual, bi-lingual or multilingual? • Prerequisite for a multilingual termbase is the harmonization of concepts and procedures.

NATO-terminology expressed in national languages NATO-EN/FR Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 Multilingual NATO-Termbase

NATO-terminology expressed in national languages NATO-EN/FR Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 Multilingual NATO-Termbase Language 4

Multilinguality? • Without harmonization of concepts and procedures, a multilingual termbase will not work.

Multilinguality? • Without harmonization of concepts and procedures, a multilingual termbase will not work. (Often no pure equivalencies between different national concepts and procedures). • Danger of mere translation without true comparative terminology work

National Military Terminology translated into English E N G L I S H Language

National Military Terminology translated into English E N G L I S H Language 1 Termbase 1 Language 2 Termbase 2 Language 3 Termbase 3 Bi-lingual termbases Language 4 Termbase 4

Military Terminology Work What‘s so special in the military? Traditional secrecy plenty of national

Military Terminology Work What‘s so special in the military? Traditional secrecy plenty of national pecularities Different procedures and structures Oftentimes, no genuine equivalents in the target language Opposite development: Increasing integration and conceptual harmonisation of NATO, Pf. P, UN-missions

Multilingual Terminology Work Task: Find equivalent terms in other languages! Completely different from mere

Multilingual Terminology Work Task: Find equivalent terms in other languages! Completely different from mere translation work (no circumscriptions but definitions!)

In the absence of a genuine equivalent: 1) Maintenance of the source language term

In the absence of a genuine equivalent: 1) Maintenance of the source language term 2) „If in doubt, leave it out“ 3) Literal translation of the source language term 4) Coining of a target language term 5) Use of a partial equivalent in the target language, paying attention to the implied restrictions

1) Maintenance of the source language term e. g. „Civil-Military Cooperation“, „Network Centric Warfare“,

1) Maintenance of the source language term e. g. „Civil-Military Cooperation“, „Network Centric Warfare“, „Mag. phil. “ Network Centric Warfare

2) „If in doubt, leave it out. “ e. g. Amtsdirektor Müller *Agency Director

2) „If in doubt, leave it out. “ e. g. Amtsdirektor Müller *Agency Director Müller Mr Müller

3) Literal translation of the source language term e. g. „Miliz“ „Militia“

3) Literal translation of the source language term e. g. „Miliz“ „Militia“

4) Coining of a target language term : e. g. „Kaderpräsenzeinheiten - KPE“ „Stand-by-Forces

4) Coining of a target language term : e. g. „Kaderpräsenzeinheiten - KPE“ „Stand-by-Forces for First Missions“

5) Use of a partial equivalent in the target language, paying attention to the

5) Use of a partial equivalent in the target language, paying attention to the implied restrictions „Jägergruppe“ „Rifle Squad“

Unterstützungsverfahren/Targeting Assess Decide Entscheidung Wiederbeginn wesentliche Führungsinformation aus übergeordneter Ebene Taktischer Führungsprozess Verarbeitung in

Unterstützungsverfahren/Targeting Assess Decide Entscheidung Wiederbeginn wesentliche Führungsinformation aus übergeordneter Ebene Taktischer Führungsprozess Verarbeitung in den Zentralen /FGG 2. LK 2. LB 1. LK 1. LB Auslösen der Orientierung Stb. Bspr Verarbeitung als Gesamtstab wesentliche Führungsinformation aus Kontrolle Erfassen des Auftrages Mission Analysis Verarbeitung mit dem Kommandanten Planungsrichtlinie / Kdt Commander´s Planninng Guidance Taktisches Führungsverfahren Festhalten von Erfahrungen/Lehren Erhalt eines Auftrages Recieve Mission Stb. Bspr Organisation der weiteren Planung 2. Überprüfung des Pd. D Erstellung eines Lagebildes IPB Einleitung Planungs -prozesses Initiate a new DMP OBSpr Auslösen Informationsgewinnung 1. Überprüfung des Pd. D Review Plan Wirkungsaufklärung Allgemeines Führungsverfahren Soll / Ist Vergleich BDA Einzelbefehl zur takt. Entscheidung Einzel-/Gesamtbefehle zur Optimierung Deliver Einleitende Lagefeststellun g Überprüfung des Pd. D Review Plan Festlegung HPTL Orientierung Auslösen der takt. Entscheidung Optimierung der Umsetzungsmaßn. (mögl. Folgebeurteilungen) Schritt 1. Bd. L 1 !st part Evaluation of Ständige Lagefeststellun g IPB Zw. Bspr Schritt 2 2. Bd. L 2 nd part Evaluation of Factors 1 st part Cons. Of COA Entscheidungsfindung Durchführung Planung der Durchführung Befehlsgebung Ausführen Info. Gew. Pl Überwachung der Vorbereitungsmaßn. Entschluss Commander´s Decision Entschlussfassung Commander´s Decision Einsatzbefehl Orders Übermittlung des Befehls Durchführung der Befehlsausgabe 1. Kräfte. Mitteleinsatz Etwurf (E)AGM Synchronisation Detailplanung Abgleichen der Detailplanungen Vorbereiten der Befehlsausgabe Erstellung des Planes der Durchführung Vorgaben zum Nacharbeiten 1. Graphische Darstellung des Entschlusses Optimierung der Kräfte und Mittel Fixieren der optimierten Aufträge und TE EBSpr Formulieren vorl. Aufträgen/ Führungsabsichten Vorbefehl 3 Ergebnis-Bspr Fertigst. der Schritt 6 und Detailplanung Schritt 5 2. Graphi. Darst. des Entschluss Schritt 4 Schritt 3 Festlegen einer vorläufigen TE Bedarfsdeckung Fertigstellung Unterstützung spläne Wirkungsaufklärung Ergänzung zu Info. Gew. Pl Koordinierung Aufklärung und Wirkung Detect Decide Befehl TNL Entschluss-vorbereitung 2 nd part Cons. Of COA Vorbereitung Preparation Optimierung der Vorbereitungsmaßn. Entwurf TNL Vorbefehl 2 Ko. BSpr Überwachung der Umsetzungsmaßn. Verfolgung der Ziele Zieldefinierung Factors Beurteilung der Lage Evaluation of Factors Erwägungen Considaration of COA Einzelbefehle zur Optimierung Vorbefehl 1 Erfassen der Planungsvorgaben Planungsrichtline des Kdt Commander´s Planninng Guidance Kontrolle Umsetzung Execution Umsetzen Unterstützung spläne Auslösend der Sofortmaßnahmen Erfassen des Auftrages Mission Analysis Fertigstellung Unterstützungspläne Fertigstellung Targetingplan Fertigstellung Info. Gew. Pl Synchronisationsmatrix

Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of

Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work focused mandate for a future working group Presentation of a Proposal 12. MAY 2011

1. Goal • 1. 1 Contribution to common Understanding and thus increase accuracy of

1. Goal • 1. 1 Contribution to common Understanding and thus increase accuracy of Communications • 1. 2 Support of LT, Transl, Interpret • 1. 3 Contribute to enhanced interoperability • 1. 4 Contribute to increased effectiveness/efficiency of Multi-national HQ • Desired Endstate: Harmonization of mil cultures •

2. Situation • 2. 1 AAP-6 is not satisfying • 2. 2 Many Dictionaries,

2. Situation • 2. 1 AAP-6 is not satisfying • 2. 2 Many Dictionaries, Wordlists, Glossaries • …………. , with inconsistencies existing • 2. 3 Updating process takes much time! – Can not rely on NSA only

3. Principles • 3. 1 NATO-Engl/Fr is the source language • 3. 2 Establishing

3. Principles • 3. 1 NATO-Engl/Fr is the source language • 3. 2 Establishing equivalent terms from source to national language only for national training purposes aiming at Interop • 3. 3 If no national equivalencies : Explain/Define • 3. 4 Not mere translation of definition but also recognize the respective concept

4. Roadmap • 4. 1 Increase the number of necessary terms by distilling them

4. Roadmap • 4. 1 Increase the number of necessary terms by distilling them from the basic NATO documents at the level of operational art and tactics (AJP-1, ATP 3. 2 …. ) • 4. 2 Define them in E/F and publish them on the BILC Website • 4. 3 Member nations: Equ, Expl, Def in their language – • 4. 4 Contribute result to a „ BILC-Wiki“

NATO-terminology expressed in national languages NATO-EN/FR Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 Multilingual NATO-Termbase

NATO-terminology expressed in national languages NATO-EN/FR Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 Multilingual NATO-Termbase Language 4

5. EXECUTION • 5. 1 Establish multinational WG of linguists and mil experts tasked

5. EXECUTION • 5. 1 Establish multinational WG of linguists and mil experts tasked to 4. 1, 4. 2 • 5. 2 Encourage member nations to contribute IAW 4. 3 • 5. 3 Create a multilingual Term Base • Coordination and Support by BILC • Vision: “ Combined“ terminology work