AUSTRALIAN HISTORY TEST Twenty questions How well do

AUSTRALIAN HISTORY TEST Twenty questions: How well do you know the history of the country about which you teach? Dr Rosalie Triolo Senior Lecturer: History Education Faculty of Education Monash University 1 MONASH EDUCATION

Twenty questions: How well do you know the history of the country about which you teach? Write your responses to this ‘test’. Your responses will be private. Be honest … 2 MONASH EDUCATION

1. Draw by hand a map of Australia including its internal boundaries. 3 MONASH EDUCATION

2. Who discovered Bass Strait? 4 MONASH EDUCATION

3. Australian sea explorer, Captain Matthew Flinders, was the proud owner of a seafaring cat. What was the name of his feline friend? A. B. C. D. Edward Slim Trim Spartan 5 MONASH EDUCATION

4. Who discovered Torres Strait? 6 MONASH EDUCATION

5. What is Australia’s oldest, locally-manufactured chocolate bar? A. B. C. D. the Cherry Ripe the Violet Crumble the Chokito the Golden Rough 7 MONASH EDUCATION

6. Named in honour of Russian prima ballerina Anna Pavlova, the pavlova is not only a delicious fruit-filled meringue dessert, but a source of ongoing Australian dispute with New Zealand. What is the controversy between Australia and New Zealand? 8 MONASH EDUCATION

7. Who made Australia’s first bread? 9 MONASH EDUCATION

8. Although Australia was one of the first countries in the world to give women the vote, many decades passed before an Australian State received its first female premier. Who was she, and in which State did this event occur? 10 MONASH EDUCATION

9. How many seasons does Melbourne experience in a year? 11 MONASH EDUCATION

10. Who were Australia’s first immigrants? 12 MONASH EDUCATION

11. Who was Australia’s first farmer? 13 MONASH EDUCATION

12. Who built Australia’s first stone structures? 14 MONASH EDUCATION

13. Who first crossed the Blue Mountains in New South Wales? 15 MONASH EDUCATION

14. Who made Australia’s first pottery? 16 MONASH EDUCATION

15. Who first discovered gold in Australia? 17 MONASH EDUCATION

16. Who made Australia’s first jewellery? 18 MONASH EDUCATION

17. Who introduced the first non-native animal species to Australia that proceeded to spread across the mainland, and what was the animal? 19 MONASH EDUCATION

18. Who invented Australia’s first aero-nautical device? 20 MONASH EDUCATION

19. Who discovered Australia? 21 MONASH EDUCATION

20. Who was involved in Australia’s worst massacre? 22 MONASH EDUCATION

21. What has Rosalie been seeking to do through this ‘test’? 23 MONASH EDUCATION

The answers … 24 MONASH EDUCATION

The images I am about to show, and that support the ‘answers’, contain images of deceased Indigenous people … I apologise if I unknowingly offend anyone … 25 MONASH EDUCATION

1. Draw by hand a map of Australia including its internal boundaries. https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=atsi+language+map&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwidw 9 rft. N 7 a. Ah. VE 57 w. KHbi HAz 8 Qs. AQINQ&biw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=2 XLIi 8 Ey. Wrm. Lc. M: 26 MONASH EDUCATION

2. Who discovered Bass Strait? https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=george+bass+and+matthew+flinders&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwj. Jr. Krxw. P 3 a. Ah. W Bz. Lw. KHYp. MAqo. Q_AUICig. B&biw=1024&bih=404#imgrc=yr. VWy. O 6 U 1 Oyn. BM: http: //www. workingmomsbreak. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/aboriginal-family-fishing. jpg 27 MONASH EDUCATION

3. Australian sea explorer, Captain Matthew Flinders, was the proud owner of a seafaring cat. What was the name of his feline friend? Trim https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=matthew+flinders+cat+trim+book&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV _en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwi. Bz 7 ifw 9_a. Ah. WJgbw. KH XB-Bmc. Q_AUICig. B&biw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=SAx. Dur 1 Nhdcy. LM: 28 MONASH EDUCATION

4. Who discovered Torres Strait? https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=luis+vaez+de+torres&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwivw. NH 1 vd 7 a. Ah. VU 5 rw. KHWE_A 3 EQ_AUICig. B&biw=1 024&bih=442#imgrc=e. R-7_Cq 4 F 7 b-7 M: https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=torres+strait+islander+colonial&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwjcg-OLvt 7 a. Ah. VFx. Lw. KHbw. CD 8 Q_AUICig. B&biw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=sal. ZOZW 88 n. SOWM: 29 MONASH EDUCATION

5. What is Australia’s oldest, locally-manufactured chocolate bar? the Cherry Ripe https: //www. cadbury. com. au/products/chocolate-bars/cherry-ripe-bar. aspx 30 MONASH EDUCATION

6. Named in honour of Russian prima ballerina Anna Pavlova, the pavlova is not only a delicious fruit-filled meringue dessert, but a source of ongoing Australian dispute with New Zealand. What is the controversy between Australia and New Zealand? https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Anna_Pavlova 31 MONASH EDUCATION

7. Who made Australia’s first bread? https: //www. google. com. au/search? rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&biw=1024&bih=404&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=r. YH 1 Wqq. EG 4 Sb 8 w. Xz 5 rq. QBg&q=kangaroo+grass+bread&oq=kangaroo+grass+bre ad&gs_l=img. 12. . 0 i 24 k 1. 61770. 67493. 0. 69497. 20. 17. 0. 2. 2. 0. 503. 2471. 0 j 2 j 5 j 0 j 1 j 1. 9. 0. . . 1 c. 1. 64. img. . 9. 11. 2480. . . 0 j 0 i 30 k 1 j 0 i 8 i 30 k 1. 0. t 0 qm 4 P 2 Ks. WQ#imgrc=Onr. D 18 j. W 6 Nz. Yp. M: 32 MONASH EDUCATION

8. Although Australia was one of the first countries in the world to give women the vote, many more decades passed before an Australian State received its first female premier. Who was she, and in which State did this event occur? https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=carmen+lawrence&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwjgq. Jfrxt_a. Ah. XLv 7 w. KHUf 2 C 5 IQ_AUICi g. B&biw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=jwyo. PI_s. ILe. Ja. M: 33 MONASH EDUCATION

9. How many seasons does Melbourne experience in a year? 4, 6, 8? http: //www. abc. net. au/radionational/programs/ockhamsrazor/four-seasons/5697722 http: //www. herringisland. org/seasons. htm And, Jim Poulter, The Eight Wurundjeri Seasons in Melbourne, Jim Poulter, Melbourne, 2015. 34 MONASH EDUCATION

10. Who were Australia’s first immigrants? https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=convicts+to+australia&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwj. U 1 a. L 2 vt_a. Ah. XFXLw. KHTei. Av. IQ_ AUICig. B&biw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=QVD 7 v 87 y. SEs 9 VM: http: //www. workingmomsbreak. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/aboriginal-family-fishing. jpg 35 MONASH EDUCATION

A further consideration: Australia’s Indigenous peoples have always been here … https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=dreamtime+emerging+from+the+land&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwja 5 c. KFw. N 7 a. Ah. ULabw. KHUb. WAVg. Q _AUICig. B&biw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=oc. HZ 8 Wt. TVW 9 HDM: Note also the plurality … ‘people. S’ … 36 MONASH EDUCATION

11. Who was Australia’s first farmer? https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=aboriginal+yam+planting&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwipm. L__x. N_a. Ah. VKwbw. KHSOSAhw. Qs. AQI NQ&biw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=Wz. DQv. W 1 Ag 8 xk. AM: 37 MONASH EDUCATION

12. Who built Australia’s first stone structures? https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=tasmania+tourism+port+arthur&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwip 1 -G 8 wt 7 a. Ah. UHfbw. KHV 4 b. De. MQ_ AUICig. B&biw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=x. NK 8 JM 9 oznh 45 M https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=western+district+victoria+aboriginal+stone+houses&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwj. K_4 ebw 97 a. Ah. WDFp QKHb. K 7 AQMQ_AUICig. B&biw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=Wa. UU 6 SBQq. QXFGM: https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=western+district+eel+traps&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwid 8 or. Mw 97 a. Ah. WGVbw. KHWQPA 3 w. Q_AUICi MONASH g. B&biw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=Ubzk. ZAOUXW 3 q. IM: 38 EDUCATION

13. Who first crossed the Blue Mountains in New South Wales? http: //www. workingmomsbreak. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/aboriginal-family-fishing. jpg https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=blaxland+wentworth+and+lawson&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwi. V 6 Of 4 x d_a. Ah. WEabw. KHb 7 QA_YQ_AUICig. B&biw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=Ewe. Unq. Bh. Irc. ETM : 39 MONASH EDUCATION

14. Who made Australia’s first pottery? http: //www. biosis. com. au/2015/03/23/aboriginal-hearth-complexes-at-yea/ http: //www. zincmoon. com/bendigo-pottery/ 40 MONASH EDUCATION

15. Who first discovered gold in Australia? Aboriginal people … https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=edward+hargraves+gold&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwj. K 5 MHCx 9_a. Ah. UGxbw. KHRKo. Cok. Q_AUICig. B&bi w=1024&bih=442#imgrc=7 h. Mrp. F 2 g. A 0 ma. XM: 41 MONASH EDUCATION

16. Who made Australia’s first jewellery? https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=tasmanian+shell+necklaces&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwi. S 0 duizd_a. Ah. VKVrw. KHb 40 Co. UQ_AUICig. B&b iw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=Kya. XKBo. Ve. MPf 2 M: 42 MONASH EDUCATION

17. Who introduced the first non-native animal species to Australia that proceeded to spread across the mainland, and what was the animal? https: //www. pinterest. co. uk/pin/24910604162265403/ 43 MONASH EDUCATION

18. Who invented Australia’s first aero-nautical device? https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=aboriginal+boomerang+throwing+colonial+art&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwj 195 vbyd_a. Ah. VFVLw. KHc. Xo BIo. Q_AUICig. B&biw=1024&bih=442#imgrc=m. Jeo 8 p. R 1 lrgzq. M: 44 MONASH EDUCATION

19. Who discovered Australia? – and YOU. https: //www. ngv. vic. gov. au/explore/collection/work/5576/ http: //www. workingmomsbreak. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/aboriginal-family-fishing. jpg 45 MONASH EDUCATION

20. Who was involved in Australia’s worst massacre? § The Port Arthur Massacre, Tasmania (28 -29 April 1996) – Martin Bryant 35 people killed, 23 wounded OR § Indigenous people (Tasmania – too many examples – exceeding the above figure) – E. g. , Convincing Ground massacre of Indigenous people (Victoria, 1833/34): 60 -100 people killed, and many more in Victoria, and Australia … OR even … § Australian and New Zealand soldiers ordered to land on Gallipoli (25 April 1915) … § Japanese bombing of Darwin, Northern Territory (19 February 1942) … 46 MONASH EDUCATION

Language, perspective and ‘positioning’ matter … - There is almost always more than one way to ‘view’, ‘interpret’, ‘own’, ‘believe in’ and ‘tell’ a story – Avoid ‘worst’, ‘most’, ‘always’, ‘never’ etc. – Avoid ‘we’, ‘all’, ‘us’, ‘them’ • There is usually an exception or other perspective and respectful and accurate referencing matters. If someone says that something is the biggest, worst, only … think hard … - How we describe people matters – Avoid blacks, whites, red skins etc. • Nobody should be categorised on the basis of their skin colour • Indigenous Australia, Aboriginal Australian, Anglo-Australian, European-Australian, Chinese-Australian, Afro. American, etc. • And it is ‘good’ for students to see a teacher struggling with the right terminology: the teacher is making an effort to be accurate and respectful 47 MONASH EDUCATION

§ Language … § Monash University Inclusive Language Guide: § https: //www. monash. edu/about/editorialstyle/writing/inclusive-language 48 MONASH EDUCATION

‘Babakiueria’ • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=03 YUFXb. GI_s – 1987 television documentary made by Australian Indigenous people to show a different perspective prior to Australia’s 1988 Bi-Centenary What values/attitudes/behaviours does this video promote? empathy (role reversal) – a big emphasis today 49 MONASH EDUCATION

§ Welcome to Country … § Acknowledgment of Country … § Aboriginal Victoria: https: //www. vic. gov. au/aboriginalvictoria/heritage/welcome -to-country-and-acknowledgement-of-traditional-owners. html § When ‘genuine’, when ‘token’ … § Actions speak louder than words … 50 MONASH EDUCATION

§ If interested in more such discussion, see, § Rosalie Triolo, Helen Doyle & Katya Johanson, Writing and Publishing Local History: A Guide for First-Time Authors and Historical Societies, Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Melbourne, 2017, pp 41 -45, downloadable, free at: http: //www. historyvictoria. org. au/publications/writing-and-publishing-localhistory 51 MONASH EDUCATION

Cross Curriculum Priority: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Histories and Cultures

§ Australian Curriculum: http: //www. australiancurriculum. edu. au/crosscurriculumpriorities/Aboriginal-and. Torres-Strait-Islander-histories-and-cultures OR § Victorian Curriculum: http: //victoriancurriculum. vcaa. vic. edu. au/overview/cross-curriculum-priorities 53 MONASH EDUCATION

To what extent are YOU responsible for teaching about, for and through Indigenous Australian perspectives? You ‘are’ responsible, even when you may not think you are not … 54 MONASH EDUCATION

§ Who are Australia’s Indigenous peoples and what do we know about them today? § Your EDF 3009 first assessment tasks in most cases referenced the My. School website and the Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage (ICSEA). § No more than 3% Indigenous presence in any school I read about. (Did anyone here have a higher percentage? Explanation …) § Australian Bureau of Statistic website: A treasure trove for educational research in many of your units. Excellent keyword search function: http: //www. abs. gov. au/ 55 MONASH EDUCATION

§ Much information on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today, with many references to education … many references to living standards … § Also much material in your weekly readings … I have determined to share something different with you this morning … § Summary video-clip of findings from 2014 -15, resulting from the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey: http: //www. abs. gov. au/videos/360 -0416 -006/NATSISS 201415 PROMO_player. html 56 MONASH EDUCATION

§ Two viewings: 1) ‘to watch’: clip is (too) fast-moving 2) ‘to write down key points’ of particular interest to you about advances/achievements in education and living standards, and areas requiring improvement in education and living standards § General lectorial discussion: What has brought about the advances/achievements? What needs to be done to bring about the improvements? What are your roles in ensuring further advances, achievements and improvements for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples? 57 MONASH EDUCATION

§ http: //www. abs. gov. au/videos/360 -0416 -006/NATSISS 201415 PROMO_player. html What has brought about the advances/achievements? What needs to be done to bring about the improvements? What are your roles in ensuring further advances, achievements and improvements for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples? § Australian Professional Standards for Teachers: § https: //www. aitsl. edu. au/teach/standards § Note the many references to teaching Indigenous Australian students and to teaching about, for and through Indigenous Australian perspectives … 58 MONASH EDUCATION

§ Key challenges still for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples § Australian Human Rights Commission, 2018: https: //www. humanrights. gov. au/education/face-facts-aboriginaland-torres-strait-islander-peoples § In 2010 -12, the average life expectancy of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people was approximately ten years (10. 6 years for men and 9. 5 years for women) less than that of non. Indigenous Australians. [7] Leading causes of death included heart disease, diabetes, respiratory disease and cancer. [8] § Just over half (52. 2 per cent) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged between 15 and 64 years were not employed in 2012 -2013, compared with 24. 4 per cent of non. Indigenous Australians. [9] 59 MONASH EDUCATION

§ Key challenges still for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples § Australian Human Rights Commission, 2018: https: //www. humanrights. gov. au/education/face-facts-aboriginaland-torres-strait-islander-peoples § One in five (20%) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women experienced physical violence in the previous 12 months, compared to 7 per cent of non-Indigenous women. Over the same period, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women (12 per cent) were three times more likely to experience sexual violence than non-Indigenous women (4 per cent). [10] § In 2008, 50% of all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15 years and over had some form of disability. [11] In non-remote areas, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were one-and-a-half times more likely than non-Indigenous adults to have a disability or a long-term health condition. [12] 60 MONASH EDUCATION

§ Key challenges still for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples § Australian Human Rights Commission, 2018: https: //www. humanrights. gov. au/education/face-facts-aboriginaland-torres-strait-islander-peoples § Around one in twelve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults are part of the Stolen Generations. In 2008, 8 per cent (26, 900) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15 years and over stated that they had been removed from their natural family. 35 per cent assessed their health as fair or poor and 39 per cent experienced high or very high levels of psychological distress. [13] § There were approximately 250 Australian Indigenous languages spoken at the time of colonisation. However, a 2005 survey found that only 145 Indigenous languages are still spoken to some degree and less than 20 are considered to be “strong” and able to be spoken by all generations. [16] 61 MONASH EDUCATION

§ Key challenges still for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples § Australian Human Rights Commission, 2018: https: //www. humanrights. gov. au/education/face-facts-aboriginaland-torres-strait-islander-peoples § The national imprisonment rate for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults is 15 times higher than that for non-Indigenous adults. [14]In the December quarter of 2013, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people comprised 28 per cent of Australia’s full-time adult prison population. [15] 62 MONASH EDUCATION

§ Other very useful websites: § Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) http: //aiatsis. gov. au/ § Reconciliation Australia http: //www. reconciliation. org. au § United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2008), at http: //www. un. org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en. pdf Up-to-date information and many school-based teaching resources (not just in History/Humanities) … 63 MONASH EDUCATION

§ Midnight Oil, ‘The Dead Heart’, 1987: § https: //www. google. com. au/search? q=the+dead+heart&rlz=1 C 1 GGRV_en. AU 751&oq=the+dead+heart&aqs=chrome. 0. 69 i 59 j 0 l 2 j 69 i 61 j 0 l 2. 4274 j 0 j 4& sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 § Lyrics to be distributed § Questions to ask: what has changed, what has not, why? § WHAT CAN YOU DO? 64 MONASH EDUCATION