Australia New Zealand and Oceania Australia 3 million

Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania

Australia • 3 million square miles, so considered a continent instead of an island • Western half - the Outback; flat, dry desert. Uluru, or Ayers Rock, one of Australia’s nest-know landforms is found here. • Eastern half – low mountains, valleys, rivers, fertile planes Geography

Australia – Great Barrier Reef • Located off Australia’s northeastern coast • Coral reef – a collection of rocky material found in shallow, tropical waters • Largest living structure on earth. Home to an incredible variety of marine animals • Great Barrier Reef https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=wb. Ne. In 3 v. VKM

Australia – Deadly animals https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=m_s. Kp. D 9 C-PU Wildlife

Australia – • Aborigines – first humans to live in Australia. • Indigenous – term refers to a group of people that are “native” or the first people in a particular area or place. • Australia’s Aborigines most likely migrated there from Southeast Asia at least 40, 000 years ago. • Nomads, gathered plants, hunted animals with boomerangs and spears. • Dreamtime – Aborigine’s religion in which nature played important role; believe it was their duty to preserve the land. • Digeridoo – musical instrument • digeridoo https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Vyf 7 hx. Vp. I-Y • Beatbox digeridoo https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=j 3 a 60_lw. Wj. E Aborigines

Australia – • Found in 1600 s but not explored • James Cook – British explorer, explored main islands of New Zealand in 1769. The following year landed on east coast of Australia and claimed it for Britain. • Started out a penal colony. Between 1788 and 1868, the British sent approximately 162, 000 convicts to prison colonies in Australia. • Other British also came, built farms and ranches, took over the Aborigines’ lands, and introduced disease. • Gained its independence in early 1900 s, but still part of the British Commonwealth today. • Aborigines https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=bp. AS 5 f 4 Tj. Nw Europeans Arrive

New Zealand - Geography • Located 1, 000 miles southeast of Australia • 2 main islands: North Island South Island; many natural harbors along coasts • North Island – covered by hills and coastal plains. Also has volcanoes, geysers, and hot springs. • South Island – large mountain range called Southern Alps; thick forests, deep lakes, glaciers, fertile hills, rich plains

New Zealand - Geography Amplitude https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Xa 0 Q 0 J 5 t. OP 0 Awakening https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=6 D-A 6 CL 3 Pv 8 Hobbit Locations https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=t. PUq. Fw 1 d. Xa. Q

New Zealand – Maori • New Zealand’s first settlers came from other Pacific Islands about 1, 200 years ago. The Maori are their descendants. • Hunters and fishers, but also farmed. • Maori https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=t. Lsohqp 30 rs • Traditional Haka https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=BI 851 y. JUQQw • Rugby Haka https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=VTwb. Kryrhks

New Zealand – Europeans Arrive • Very similar to Australia • James Cook explored in 1769. • Large numbers of British settlers arrived in early 1800 s. • Maori signed treaty with Britain in 1840, making it part of the British Empire. • Tensions between Maori and British led to series of wars over land. • Gained independence in early 1900 s. • Today a member of the British Commonwealth and a close ally of the United Kingdom. • Populations of Australia and New Zealand mostly European, very small numbers of aboriginal and Maori left.

Oceania - Geography • Pacific Islands divided into three regions: • Micronesia – “tiny islands, ” 2, 000 small islands east of Philippines • Melanesia – south of Micronesia stretching from New Guinea in the west to Fiji in the east; most heavily populated region. • Polynesia – “many islands, ” largest region; includes Tonga, Samoa, and the Hawaiian Islands.

Oceania - Geography • High islands – mountainous terrain, rich soils, dense rain forests • Low islands – usually formed from coral reefs; poor soil, agriculture limited • Atoll – a small, ring-shaped coral island that surrounds a lagoon

Oceania - History • Scholars believe people began settling the Pacific Islands 35, 000 years ago, though they are puzzled over exactly how they reached these thousands of islands. Evidence suggests maybe they came from Southeast Asia. • Expert canoe builders; boats may have looked like these. • May have used stick charts like this to navigate from island to island. Sticks show direction of waves and currents; shells show location of islands. • Polynesian Settlement https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=tu. Jk_a 4 i. Wj 0 (probably watch first half)

Oceania - • Polynesian Cultural Center https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r. Z 2 bh-4 Hx 9 c Culture

Oceania – Easter Island • Rapa Nui – Polynesian name; located 2, 300 miles west of Chile. • 887 stone figures called moai • Average of 13 feet high, but largest is 32 feet tall and weighs 82 tons • Archeologist have discovered that some do have bodies. • How they were made and moved or what purpose they served is unknown, though there are many theories. • Moving Easter Island Statues https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=J 5 YR 0 uq. PAI 8