Auditory Visual Attention New Developments in Assessment Using
- Slides: 43
Auditory & Visual Attention: New Developments in Assessment Using CPTs C. K. Conners, Ph. D.
Conners’ CPT II Continuous Performance Test II
Conners’ CPT II Development & Standardization
Normative Data l Nonclinical N = 1920 • N = 812 Epidemiological Study • N = 1108 Multi-Site Study l l ADHD N = 378 Neurological (Adults) N = 223
Gender Composition of the CPT II Nonclinical Sample
Ethnic Composition of the CPT II Nonclinical Sample *Note: The epidemiological sample classified individuals as “African American” or “Other, ” producing a large percentage of “Other” classifications.
Diagnostic Breakdown of Neurological Sample
Conners’ CPT II Developmental Trends (Nonclinical Norm Data)
Hit Reaction Time (HRT)
Standard Error (SE)
Commissions
Omissions
Test-Retest Correlation Coefficients for the CPT II (n = 23) * ** p <. 05 p <. 01
CPT II Discrimination of Clinical and Nonclinical Groups
ANCOVA Results Summary l l ADHD, Neuro. , and Nonclinical groups compared across measures controlling for Age and Gender The clinical groups (ADHD & Neuro. ) scored significantly higher (p <. 001) than nonclinical on ALL measures
ANCOVA Results Summary (continued) l Also, relative to the ADHD group, the Neuro. Group • made more omission errors (p <. 001) • had slower RTs (p <. 001) • had more variable responses (p <. 001) • responded less consistently by ISI (p <. 001)
Discriminant Functions l Used to identify best predictors for differentiating between groups l l Different Functions used for child/adult, ADHD/Neuro assessment Used to determine classification accuracy rates
ADHD vs. Nonclinical, Ages 6 -17: Contribution of Measures to Discriminant Function
ADHD vs. Nonclinical, Ages 18+: Contribution of Measures to Discriminant Function
Neurological Impairment vs. Nonclinical: Contribution of Measures to Discriminant Function
CPT II Confidence Indexes l l Based on Discriminant Function Analysis Provides a Classification Prediction • Index > 50 (Prediction: Clinical) • Index < 50 (Prediction: Nonclinical) Exact value of index indicates the “probability” associated with the prediction Incorrect to use index as the sole criterion for CPT II assessment
Group Differences for 6 -17 Year Olds, ADHD vs. Nonclinical 0 = Nonclinical 1 = ADHD
Group Differences for 18+ Year Olds, ADHD vs. Nonclinical 0 = Nonclinical 1 = ADHD
Group Differences for 18+ Year Olds, Neuro. vs. Nonclinical 0 = Nonclinical 2 = Neurological
Classification Accuracy and Error Rates
Reduce False Positives (Option) l Adjusts for Base Rates l Increases certainty of need for follow-up (i. e. , helps avoid “false alarms”)
Classification Accuracy (Reduce False Positives Option Used)
Minimize False Negatives (Option) l In clinical settings, may be used to adjust for Base Rates l Useful Option when focus is on corroboration of Dx
Classification Accuracy (Reduce False Negatives Option Used)
Conners’ CPT II Features of the Software
Single Administration Report Options
Multiple Administration Report Options
Multi-Admin Comparison Graph
Multi-Admin Interpretation Text Progressive Analysis Second Administration (Aug 09, 2000) vs. Third Administration (Aug 16, 2000) There was a substantial change in the Confidence Index between these two administrations. The decrease in the Confidence Index was sufficient to produce a nonclinical classification on the third administration while the second administration suggested a clinical classification. The change was statistically significant based on the Jacobson-Truax assessment procedure. First Administration (Aug 02, 2000) vs. Second Administration (Aug 09, 2000) There was a substantial change in the Confidence Index between these two administrations. The change was statistically significant based on the Jacobson-Truax assessment procedure. In both administrations, but especially in the first, the Confidence Index favored a clinical classification. Current Performance vs. First Administration (Aug 02, 2000) vs. Third Administration (Aug 16, 2000) There was a substantial change in the Confidence Index between these two administrations. The decrease in the Confidence Index was sufficient to produce a nonclinical classification on the third administration while the first administration suggested a clinical classification. The change was statistically significant based on the Jacobson-Truax assessment procedure.
CPT II Preference Options
CPT II Medication List
C-DATA l Why do we need an auditory CPT? l What is the goal of this project?
C-DATA l Development of Auditory Attention l LD, ADHD, CAPD
C-DATA l Paradigm • Likely need to diverge from visual CPT type paradigms
C-DATA l Paradigm Criteria • Applicable to wide age range • Measure ability to direct attention to one channel or the other • Competing sounds included • Include consonant-vowel (CV) elements • Verbal and non-Verbal
C-DATA l Paradigm Criteria (Continued) • • • Measure lateral preference Mobility of Attention measured Signal Detection Theory/Response bias Stimulus onset asynchrony varied Inter-Stimulus Interval varied Vigilance measured
C-DATA l Paradigms • Tone condition • Dichotic Condition
C-DATA l Statistics • • Hits to targets False alarms to warnings Omissions to targets Delayed responses Mobility REA Laterality
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- Political developments in the early republic
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- Chapter 11 political developments in the early republic
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- Auditory sensory
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