Attitudes and Attitude Change Social Psychology Lecture 3
![Attitudes and Attitude Change Social Psychology Lecture 3 Dr Amanda Rivis Attitudes and Attitude Change Social Psychology Lecture 3 Dr Amanda Rivis](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-1.jpg)
![Learning Outcomes By the end of this lecture, and with independent study, you should Learning Outcomes By the end of this lecture, and with independent study, you should](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-2.jpg)
![The different origins of Attitudes: Classical Conditioning (A) (B) Stimulus 1 (Moth Balls) Stimulus The different origins of Attitudes: Classical Conditioning (A) (B) Stimulus 1 (Moth Balls) Stimulus](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-3.jpg)
![The Different Origins of Attitudes: Instrumental Conditioning Behaviour toward Attitude Object (e. g. , The Different Origins of Attitudes: Instrumental Conditioning Behaviour toward Attitude Object (e. g. ,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-4.jpg)
![The Different Origins of Attitudes: Imitation Social Learning Theory (Bandura 1977): ò Attitudes are The Different Origins of Attitudes: Imitation Social Learning Theory (Bandura 1977): ò Attitudes are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-5.jpg)
![Attitude Structure l Three-component model views attitudes as having three components: ¡ Affective = Attitude Structure l Three-component model views attitudes as having three components: ¡ Affective =](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-6.jpg)
![Functions of Attitudes l Value-Expressive function ¡ enable us to express who we are Functions of Attitudes l Value-Expressive function ¡ enable us to express who we are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-7.jpg)
![How are attitudes measured? Overt Attitude Measures Self-report (single-item) attitude measures l Advantages: ¡ How are attitudes measured? Overt Attitude Measures Self-report (single-item) attitude measures l Advantages: ¡](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-8.jpg)
![How are attitudes measured? Overt Attitude Measures Attitude scales Multiple items are used to How are attitudes measured? Overt Attitude Measures Attitude scales Multiple items are used to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-9.jpg)
![How are attitudes measured? Example of Expectancy-Value Approach My using birth control pills… Belief How are attitudes measured? Example of Expectancy-Value Approach My using birth control pills… Belief](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-10.jpg)
![How are attitudes measured? Covert Measures 2 Covert Attitude Measures (CAM). These measures use How are attitudes measured? Covert Measures 2 Covert Attitude Measures (CAM). These measures use](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-11.jpg)
![How are attitudes measured? Evaluation of Covert Measures *More objective than self-report measures *Physiological How are attitudes measured? Evaluation of Covert Measures *More objective than self-report measures *Physiological](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-12.jpg)
![How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour? l Early research evidence suggested a weak to How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour? l Early research evidence suggested a weak to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-13.jpg)
![How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour? Correspondence of Attitudinal and Behavioural Measures Attitude Measure How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour? Correspondence of Attitudinal and Behavioural Measures Attitude Measure](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-14.jpg)
![How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour: Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) l How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour: Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-15.jpg)
![Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) Perceived Social Pressure Attitudes Perceived Behavioural Control Intention Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) Perceived Social Pressure Attitudes Perceived Behavioural Control Intention](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-16.jpg)
![Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) According Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) According](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-17.jpg)
![Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) l Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-18.jpg)
![Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) l Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-19.jpg)
![Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) l Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-20.jpg)
![Petty & Cacioppo’s (1986) Elaboration Likelihood (dual-process) Model of Persuasion (ELM) l ELM holds Petty & Cacioppo’s (1986) Elaboration Likelihood (dual-process) Model of Persuasion (ELM) l ELM holds](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-21.jpg)
![The Elaboration-Likelihood Model of Persuasion (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) Whether persuasion results from the The Elaboration-Likelihood Model of Persuasion (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) Whether persuasion results from the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-22.jpg)
![The Elaboration-Likelihood Model of Persuasion (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) Yes Persuasive Communication Central Route The Elaboration-Likelihood Model of Persuasion (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) Yes Persuasive Communication Central Route](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-23.jpg)
![Theories of Attitude Change: Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Festinger, 1957) This theory of self-persuasion holds Theories of Attitude Change: Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Festinger, 1957) This theory of self-persuasion holds](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-24.jpg)
![Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Attitude Change: Justifying Attitude-Discrepant Behaviour Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Attitude Change: Justifying Attitude-Discrepant Behaviour Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-25.jpg)
![Theories of Attitude Change: Bem’s (1965) Self Perception Theory l According to Bem, attitude Theories of Attitude Change: Bem’s (1965) Self Perception Theory l According to Bem, attitude](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-26.jpg)
![Reading l Hogg, M. & Vaughan, G. (2005) Social Psychology (4 th Edition) Prentice Reading l Hogg, M. & Vaughan, G. (2005) Social Psychology (4 th Edition) Prentice](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-27.jpg)
- Slides: 27
![Attitudes and Attitude Change Social Psychology Lecture 3 Dr Amanda Rivis Attitudes and Attitude Change Social Psychology Lecture 3 Dr Amanda Rivis](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-1.jpg)
Attitudes and Attitude Change Social Psychology Lecture 3 Dr Amanda Rivis
![Learning Outcomes By the end of this lecture and with independent study you should Learning Outcomes By the end of this lecture, and with independent study, you should](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-2.jpg)
Learning Outcomes By the end of this lecture, and with independent study, you should be able to: Discuss the origins, structure and functions of attitudes l Evaluate methods for measuring attitudes l Discuss the link between attitudes and behaviour l Discuss theories of attitude change l
![The different origins of Attitudes Classical Conditioning A B Stimulus 1 Moth Balls Stimulus The different origins of Attitudes: Classical Conditioning (A) (B) Stimulus 1 (Moth Balls) Stimulus](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-3.jpg)
The different origins of Attitudes: Classical Conditioning (A) (B) Stimulus 1 (Moth Balls) Stimulus 2 (Visits to Grandmother) Pleasurable Feelings Stimulus 1 (Moth Balls) Pleasurable Feelings
![The Different Origins of Attitudes Instrumental Conditioning Behaviour toward Attitude Object e g The Different Origins of Attitudes: Instrumental Conditioning Behaviour toward Attitude Object (e. g. ,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-4.jpg)
The Different Origins of Attitudes: Instrumental Conditioning Behaviour toward Attitude Object (e. g. , playing with child of another Race) Positive or Negative Reinforcement (+ive = parents approval -Ive = parents’ Disapproval) Positive or Negative Attitude Toward Attitude Object
![The Different Origins of Attitudes Imitation Social Learning Theory Bandura 1977 ò Attitudes are The Different Origins of Attitudes: Imitation Social Learning Theory (Bandura 1977): ò Attitudes are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-5.jpg)
The Different Origins of Attitudes: Imitation Social Learning Theory (Bandura 1977): ò Attitudes are learned through imitation and modelling. Parents and society influence attitude
![Attitude Structure l Threecomponent model views attitudes as having three components Affective Attitude Structure l Three-component model views attitudes as having three components: ¡ Affective =](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-6.jpg)
Attitude Structure l Three-component model views attitudes as having three components: ¡ Affective = feelings about the attitude object ¡ Behavioural = predisposition to act towards the attitude object in a certain way ¡ Cognitive = beliefs about the attitude object l Any given attitude may be based in lesser or greater amounts on any of these components
![Functions of Attitudes l ValueExpressive function enable us to express who we are Functions of Attitudes l Value-Expressive function ¡ enable us to express who we are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-7.jpg)
Functions of Attitudes l Value-Expressive function ¡ enable us to express who we are and what we believe in l Ego-defensive function ¡ enable us to project internally-held conflicts onto others (e. g. , homophobia) l Knowledge function ¡ enable us to know the world l Utilitarian Function ¡ Enable us to gain rewards and avoid punishment
![How are attitudes measured Overt Attitude Measures Selfreport singleitem attitude measures l Advantages How are attitudes measured? Overt Attitude Measures Self-report (single-item) attitude measures l Advantages: ¡](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-8.jpg)
How are attitudes measured? Overt Attitude Measures Self-report (single-item) attitude measures l Advantages: ¡ ¡ l Easy and quick to administer Relatively cheap Disadvantages: ¡ Responses may not be reliable, e. g. , l l Question wording Mood Social desirability (but see bogus pipeline technique) Assume people have an attitude! (cf. “spontaneous” attitudes)
![How are attitudes measured Overt Attitude Measures Attitude scales Multiple items are used to How are attitudes measured? Overt Attitude Measures Attitude scales Multiple items are used to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-9.jpg)
How are attitudes measured? Overt Attitude Measures Attitude scales Multiple items are used to measure the same construct l Eliminate some of the problems of single-item measures (e. g. , reliability) l Some of the more popular scales include: ¡ Likert scale ¡ Osgood’s Semantic Differential Scale ¡ Expectancy-Value Scale (Fishbein, 1971) l
![How are attitudes measured Example of ExpectancyValue Approach My using birth control pills Belief How are attitudes measured? Example of Expectancy-Value Approach My using birth control pills… Belief](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-10.jpg)
How are attitudes measured? Example of Expectancy-Value Approach My using birth control pills… Belief Strength Product +3 Outcome Evaluations +1 Is convenient Causes me to gain weight +3 -2 -6 Gives me guilt feelings Enables me to regulate the size of my family +2 -1 -2 +2 +2 +4 Total +3 -1
![How are attitudes measured Covert Measures 2 Covert Attitude Measures CAM These measures use How are attitudes measured? Covert Measures 2 Covert Attitude Measures (CAM). These measures use](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-11.jpg)
How are attitudes measured? Covert Measures 2 Covert Attitude Measures (CAM). These measures use physiological arousal to infer attitudes: 2 Electro-myograph (EMG). (Petty & Cacioppo 1981) which may include heart rate & pupil dilation 2 Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) : measures physiological arousal detected through skin resistance (Porier & Lott 1967)
![How are attitudes measured Evaluation of Covert Measures More objective than selfreport measures Physiological How are attitudes measured? Evaluation of Covert Measures *More objective than self-report measures *Physiological](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-12.jpg)
How are attitudes measured? Evaluation of Covert Measures *More objective than self-report measures *Physiological measures (e. g. GSR) can be caused by fear or anger *Physiological measures cannot assess the direction of affective responses
![How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour l Early research evidence suggested a weak to How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour? l Early research evidence suggested a weak to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-13.jpg)
How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour? l Early research evidence suggested a weak to moderate link between attitudes and behaviour (e. g. , La. Piere, 1934; Wicker, 1969) l More recent research has examined moderators of the attitude-behaviour relationship, e. g. , Attitude strength ¡ Direct experience with the attitude object ¡ Attitudinal ambivalence ¡ Correspondence of attitudinal and behavioural measures ¡
![How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour Correspondence of Attitudinal and Behavioural Measures Attitude Measure How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour? Correspondence of Attitudinal and Behavioural Measures Attitude Measure](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-14.jpg)
How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour? Correspondence of Attitudinal and Behavioural Measures Attitude Measure Attitude-Behaviour Correlation Attitude toward birth control . 08 Attitude toward birth control pills . 32 Attitude toward using birth control pills . 53 Attitude toward using birth control pills during the next two years . 57 Source: Davidson & Jaccard (1979)
![How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour Ajzens 1991 Theory of Planned Behaviour TPB l How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour: Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-15.jpg)
How Well Do Attitudes Predict Behaviour: Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) l This model posits an important mediator of the attitude-behaviour link, namely behavioural ‘intention’ l The TPB holds that attitudes combine with other important factors in predicting intentions and, in turn, behaviour: Perceived social pressure ¡ Factors that may facilitate or inhibit performance of the behaviour ¡
![Theory of Planned Behaviour Ajzen 1991 Perceived Social Pressure Attitudes Perceived Behavioural Control Intention Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) Perceived Social Pressure Attitudes Perceived Behavioural Control Intention](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-16.jpg)
Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) Perceived Social Pressure Attitudes Perceived Behavioural Control Intention Behaviour
![Theories of Attitude Change The Yale Attitude Change Approach Hovland et al 1953 According Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) According](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-17.jpg)
Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) According to this approach, attitude change/persuasion influenced by 3 factors: Source – originator of communication l Message – features of communication itself l Audience – characteristics of who is receiving the message l
![Theories of Attitude Change The Yale Attitude Change Approach Hovland et al 1953 l Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-18.jpg)
Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) l Characteristics ¡ Credibility Expertise l Trustworthiness l ¡ Attractiveness Similarity l Appearance l of Source
![Theories of Attitude Change The Yale Attitude Change Approach Hovland et al 1953 l Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-19.jpg)
Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) l Message Factors ¡ One-sided ¡ Order vs. Two-sided messages of messages Primacy Effects –vl Recency Effects l ¡ Repetition
![Theories of Attitude Change The Yale Attitude Change Approach Hovland et al 1953 l Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-20.jpg)
Theories of Attitude Change: The Yale Attitude Change Approach (Hovland, et al. 1953) l Characteristics of Audience ¡ Distraction ¡ Intelligence ¡ Self-Esteem (? ) ¡ Age (18 -25 year olds most susceptible) Problem: what conditions determine the relative importance of these factors?
![Petty Cacioppos 1986 Elaboration Likelihood dualprocess Model of Persuasion ELM l ELM holds Petty & Cacioppo’s (1986) Elaboration Likelihood (dual-process) Model of Persuasion (ELM) l ELM holds](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-21.jpg)
Petty & Cacioppo’s (1986) Elaboration Likelihood (dual-process) Model of Persuasion (ELM) l ELM holds that there are two ‘routes’ to attitude change: route to persuasion occurs when we think critically about message content and are swayed by the strength and quality of its arguments. ¡ Peripheral route to persuasion occurs when we do not do much thinking but are swayed by employing heuristics on the basis of noncontent cues (e. g. , “experts know best”) ¡ Central
![The ElaborationLikelihood Model of Persuasion Petty Cacioppo 1986 Whether persuasion results from the The Elaboration-Likelihood Model of Persuasion (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) Whether persuasion results from the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-22.jpg)
The Elaboration-Likelihood Model of Persuasion (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) Whether persuasion results from the central or the peripheral processing route depends upon: l Ability ¡ e. g. , attention, ‘receptive’ l Motivation ¡ Personal Involvement
![The ElaborationLikelihood Model of Persuasion Petty Cacioppo 1986 Yes Persuasive Communication Central Route The Elaboration-Likelihood Model of Persuasion (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) Yes Persuasive Communication Central Route](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-23.jpg)
The Elaboration-Likelihood Model of Persuasion (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) Yes Persuasive Communication Central Route to Persuasion Ability & Motivation to pay attention? No Attitude Change Peripheral Route To persuasion
![Theories of Attitude Change Cognitive Dissonance Theory Festinger 1957 This theory of selfpersuasion holds Theories of Attitude Change: Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Festinger, 1957) This theory of self-persuasion holds](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-24.jpg)
Theories of Attitude Change: Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Festinger, 1957) This theory of self-persuasion holds that: ¡ Cognitive inconsistency creates a state of psychological tension (i. e. , “dissonance”) ¡ Such tension is aversive and motivating (where it poses a threat to the self) ¡ Easiest form of dissonance reduction will be adopted
![Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Attitude Change Justifying AttitudeDiscrepant Behaviour Festinger Carlsmith 1959 Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Attitude Change: Justifying Attitude-Discrepant Behaviour Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-25.jpg)
Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Attitude Change: Justifying Attitude-Discrepant Behaviour Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
![Theories of Attitude Change Bems 1965 Self Perception Theory l According to Bem attitude Theories of Attitude Change: Bem’s (1965) Self Perception Theory l According to Bem, attitude](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-26.jpg)
Theories of Attitude Change: Bem’s (1965) Self Perception Theory l According to Bem, attitude change does not need to result from dissonance l People infer their attitudes from their behaviour l Cognitive dissonance when attitude-behaviour discrepancy large self-perception when not so large (Fazio, et al. 1977)
![Reading l Hogg M Vaughan G 2005 Social Psychology 4 th Edition Prentice Reading l Hogg, M. & Vaughan, G. (2005) Social Psychology (4 th Edition) Prentice](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1ae390fbd92bd3835fd29e1aecf776cc/image-27.jpg)
Reading l Hogg, M. & Vaughan, G. (2005) Social Psychology (4 th Edition) Prentice Hall: London - chapter 5 l Brehm, S, Kassin, S. & Fein, S. (2002) Social Psychology. Houghton Mifflin: London - Chapter 6 l Aronson, E. , Wilson, T. , & Akert, R. (2005) Social psychology (5 th Edition) - chapter 7 l Morgan, C, King, R. & Robinson, N. (1979) Introduction to Psychology. Mc. Grw-Hill: London- Chapter 14
Social psychology lecture
Attitudes in psychology
Attitudes in psychology
01:640:244 lecture notes - lecture 15: plat, idah, farad
Elm model
Psychology chapter 13 social psychology
Social psychology ap psychology
Social psychology is the scientific study of:
Social thinking and social influence
Social thinking adalah
Attitude examples
Attitude and value change
British social attitudes survey
Overgeneralized idea about a group of people.
Yale approach to communication and persuasion
Yale attitude change approach example
Social work: an empowering profession 9th edition chapter 1
Forensic psychology lecture
Introduction to psychology lecture
Psychology lecture for medical students
Social thinking social influence social relations
Lecture about social media
Ano ang chemical change
Absolute change and relative change formula
Whats the difference between chemical and physical change
Supply and demand curve shifts
Physical change and chemical change
Rocks change due to temperature and pressure change