ATTAJWID By Musa Abuzaghleh ASSIFAAT Assifaat are the
ﺍﻟ ﻳ AT-TAJWID By Musa Abuzaghleh
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ As-sifaat: are the attributes or characteristics of letters. q. There are two categories of Sifaat: 1. (ﺍ ﺍﺓ attached attributes) 2. ( ﺍ ﺓ presented or occasional attributes) q There also two types of Sifaat: 1. ( ﺍ ﺍ ﺩ Attributes that have opposites) 2. ( ﺍ ﺍ ﺍ Attributes that do not have opposites)
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ ﺍﺍﺩ (Apparent) ﺍﺭ (Loose) ﺍﻟ ﺍ (Moderate) ﺍﻟ ﻁ (Whisper) ﺍﺱ (Strong) ﺍﻟ (Heavy) ﺍﻟ ﻳ (Light) ﺍﻟ ﻳ (Lowering) ﺍﻹﺍ (Elevation) ﺍﻹﺍ (Opening) ﺍﻹﺍ (Closure) ﺍﻹﺍ
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 1. ﺍ ﺍ : §Al-Hams: this known as whisper. It means to fully run your breath when pronouncing the letters that belong to this category. There are ten letters §Al-Jahr: is to completely imprison or block the running of breath when pronouncing the remaining letters of Arabic.
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 2. ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺍ : § ﺍﻟ Ash-Shidda: these are the strong letters that require you to block or imprison the running of the sound of the letter when pronouncing it. There are 8 letters in this category: § ﺍﻟ ﻭ ﻁ At-Tawassut: these are the moderate letters that require you to partially run and partially imprison the sound of the letter when pronouncing it. There are 5 letters in this category: § ﺍﻟ ﺍ Ar-Rikhawa or Ar-Rakhawa: are the loose letters that require you to fully run the sound of the letter when pronouncing it until the next letter is heard. The letters of this category are the remaining Arabic letters.
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 3. ﺍﻟ ﻳ : q ﺍﻟ ﻳ At-Tafkheem: these are the full mouth letters that require you to thicken the tongue when pronouncing them. There are 7 letters that are always heavy or full mouth and there are 3 letters that are heavy occasionally and light in other occasions. Here are the 7 letters that are always Tafkheem: Here are the 3 letters that are occasionally Tafkheem: ﺭﻝﺍ
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 3. ﺍﻟ ﻳ : q. When is the letter Alif heavy? Alif will only be heavy if one of the 7 permanent Tafkheem or isti’la’ letters as well as the ﺭ or ﻝ precede it when they are in Tafkheem condition. The Alif will be light at all other times. E. g ﺍ q. When is the letter Laam heavy? The letter Laam is naturally light and will be heavy in only two conditions which are both in the name of Allah SWT ﺍﻟﻠﻪ. The Laam will be light in all other cases. Conditions for Laam being heavy: 1. If the name of Allah is preceded by a Fatha. Such as: ﺍﻟﻠ as: 2. If the name of Allah is preceded by a Damma. Such
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 3. ﺍﻟ ﻳ : q. When is the letter Raa heavy? The letter Raa has 5 conditions for it being heavy and 4 conditions for it being light as shown and listed below: § conditions for ﺭ being heavy: 1. If the ﺭ has a Fatha or Damma such as: ﻭﻝ , ﻱ 2. If the ﺭ is sakin and is preceded by a Fatha or Damma such as: ﺍﻥ , ﺍ 3. If the ﺭ is sakin, the letter before is also sakin and the preceding letter to that has a Fatha or Damma such as Surat Al-Asr: ﺭ ﺍ 4. If the ﺭ is Sakin and is preceded by a Hamzatul Wasl. Such as: ﺍﻯ , ﺍﻱ 5. If the ﺭ is Sakin, the preceding letter has a Kasra and the following or proceeding letter is one of the 7 permanent Tafkheem letters (Isti’la’
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 3. ﺍﻟ ﻳ : q ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻳ : levels of Tafkheem q. There are 7 levels of Tafkheem: 1. When the Tafkheem letter has a Fatha and proceeded by an Alif: ﻭ ﺍ 2. When the Tafkheem letter has a Fatha and is not proceeded by an Alif: ﻭ ﻳ 3. When the Tafkheem letter is Sakin and preceded by a Fatha: ﺍﻛ ﺡ ﻭ 4. When the Tafkheem letter has a Damma: ﻭﻡ ﻭﺍ
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 3. ﺍﻟ ﻳ : q ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻳ : levels of Tafkheem q. There are 7 levels of Tafkheem: 5. When the Tafkheem letter is Sakin and preceded by a Damma: ﺍ ﻡ ﻡ 6. When the Tafkheem letter is Sakin and preceded by a Kasra: ﺍ ﺍﺍ 7. When the Tafkheem letter has a Kasra: ﻭ ﺍ
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 3. ﺍﻟ ﻳ : q. When is the letter Raa light? The letter Raa has 5 conditions for it being heavy and 4 conditions for it being light as shown and listed below: § conditions for ﺭ being light: 1. If the ﺭ has a Kasra such as: ﻭ 2. If ﺭ is Sakin and preceded by a Kasra with non of the 7 permanent Tafkheem letters proceeding the ﺭ. Such as: ﻭﺱ 3. If the ﺭ is Sakin and is preceded by a ﻱ Sakina. Such as: ﻳ 4. If the ﺭ is Sakin, the preceding letter is also Sakin and the letter before that has a Kasra. Such as: ﺍﻟ v. However if the ﺭ is Sakin, the letter preceding it is also Sakin and the letter before that has a Kasra, but the letter before the ﺭ is one of the 7 permenant Tafkheem letters (Ist’la’ letters) then you have too options. You can make it light or heavy but its preferred to make it heavy. Example: ,
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 3. ﺍﻟ ﻳ : q ﺍﻟ ﻳ At-Tarqeeq: these are the letters that are small mouth and require you to make your tongue thin when pronouncing them. They are the remaining Arabic letters. ﺀﺏﺕﺙﺝﺡﺩﺫﺯﺱﺵﻉﻑﻙﻡﻥﻩﻭﻱ
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 4. ﺍﻹﺍ ﻭﺍﻹﺍ : q ﺍﻹﺍ Al-Isti’la’: is to elevate the back of the tongue when pronouncing certain letters. There are 7 letters in this category as shown below q ﺍﻹﺍﻝ Al-Istifaal: is to lower the back of the tongue when pronouncing the remaining Arabic letters which are shown below: ﺀﺍﺏﺕﺙﺝﺡﺩﺫﺭﺯﺱﺵﻉﻑﻙﻝﻡﻥﻩﻭﻱ Note: every Isti’la’ letter is a Tafkheem letter but not every Tafkheem letter is an Isti’la’ letter.
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 5. ﺍﻹﺍ : q ﺍﻹﺍ Al-Itbaaq: is the closure between parts of the tongue and the upper palate of the mouth when pronouncing 4 letters: ﺹﺽﻁﻅ q ﺍﻹﺍ Al-Infitaah: is to have an opening between the tongue and the upper palate of the mouth when pronouncing the remaining letters of Arabic which are shown below ﺀﺍﺏﺕﺙﺝﺡﺥﺩﺫﺭﺯﺱﺵﻉﻍﻑﻕﻙﻝﻡﻥﻩﻭﻱ Note: every Itbaaq letter is an Isti’la’ letter as well as a Tafkheem letter. However not every Isti’la’ or Tafkheem letter is an Itbaaq letter.
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ ﺍﺍ ﺍ Whistle ﺍﻟ ﻳ Gentle/soft Drifting Repetition Spreading Extension Nasalization Bounce ﺍﻟﻳ ﺍﻹﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍ / ﺍﻟ ﻳ ﺍﻟ ﻱ ﺍﺍ ﺍ ﺍ
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 1. ﺍﻟ ﻳ : q ﺍﻟ ﻳ As-Safeer: this is a sharp whistle sound that is similar to a birds sound. 3 letters must come with Safeer: ﺯﺹﺱ 2. ﺍﻟﻳ : q ﺍﻟﻳ Al-Leen: this is the soft and gentle pronunciation of the following letters if they come Sakin and preceded by a Fatha: ﻱﻭ
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 3. ﺍﻹﺍ : q ﺍﻹﺍ Al-Inhiraaf: this is the drifting of the sound of the letter from its original Makhraj to a Makhraj of another letter. The letter ﻝ will drift from its original Makhraj towards the Makhraj of the ﻥ which is the tip and the ﺭ will drift from its original Makhraj towards the Makhraj of the ﻝ. ﺭﻝ 4. ﺍﻟ ﺍ / ﺍﻟ ﻳ : q ﺍﻟ ﺍ / ﺍﻟ ﻳ At-Takreer: this is the repetition of the letter ﺭ when pronouncing it. This is the only Sifa (attribute) that is taught in order for us to avoid doing, because failing to avoid the repetition means there will be more than one letter ﺭ.
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 5. ﺍﻟ ﻱ : q ﺍﻟ ﻱ At-Tafashi: this is to spread the air in the mouth when saying the letter ﺵ until its sound reaches the exit of the mouth. 6. ﺍﺍ : q ﺍﺍ Al-Istitala: this is the extension of the Makhraj of the letter ﺽ when pronouncing it all the way until it reaches the Makhraj of the letter ﻝ.
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 7. ﺍ : q ﺍ Al-Ghunna: this is the nasal sound that comes from the Khayshoom (Nasal passage) when pronouncing the ﻥ or ﻡ or in certain rules. There are 5 levels of Ghunna that are listed below (from the most to least Ghunna): A. When the ﻥ or ﻡ have a shadd. B. In idghaam Bi-Ghunna Naqis (when the next letter doesn’t have a Shadda). C. In Ikhfa’, Ikhfa’ Shafawi and Iqlab. D. When the ﻥ or ﻡ come with a Sukoon. E. When the ﻥ or ﻡ come with a Harakah (voweled).
AS-SIFAAT ﺍﻟ ﺍﺕ 8. ﺍ : q. Al-Qalqala: this is when we bounce on certain letters if they come Sakin. There are 5 letters of Qalqala as shown below: ﺩ q. There are 3 different levels of Qalqala: A. ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻯ : this is known as Minor Qalqala (Qalqala Sughra). It is a light bounce one of the Qalqala letters if they come in the middle of a word or at the end of a word but without stopping. ﻭﻟ / B. ﺍ ﺍﻯ : this is known as Moderate Qalqala (Qalqala Wusta). It is a moderate bounce on one of the Qalqala letters if they come Sakin at the end of a word and you stop. ﻭ / C. ﺍ ﺍﻯ : this is known as Major Qalqala (Qalqala Kubra). It is a heavy bounce on one of the Qalqala letters when they come at the end of a word with a Shadda and you stop. / ﺍ
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