Atoms Molecules and Ions Chapter 2 Atomic Theory

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Chapter 2

Atomic Theory and the Structure of the Atom

Democritus Greek era All matter consists of very small, indivisible particles, which he named atomos

Lavoisier Law of conservation of mass

Proust Law of definite proportions

Dalton Law of multiple proportions and the first model of the atom

Concept Review The atoms of elements A (blue) and B (orange) form two compounds shown here. Do these compounds obey the law of multiple proportions?

Radiation

Cathode Ray Tube Evacuated tube Cathode Anode − + Battery

J. J. Thomson Charge to mass ratio and the Plum-Pudding Model

R. A. Millikan Oil Drop

Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment

Bohr Planetary Model

Schrödinger Quantum Mechanical Model

Chadwick The Neutron

Atomic Symbols

Isotopes Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-3

The Periodic Table

Molecules Diatomic HCl CO

Molecules Polyatomic O 3 CO 2 NH 3 H 2 O

Compound Molecular Compound CO 2 NH 3 H 2 O Binary Molecular Compound HCl CO

Compound Ionic Compound

Chemical Formulas MOLECULAR FORMULA EMPIRICAL FORMULA Butane C 4 H 10 C 2 H 5

Nomenclature Organic compounds

Nomenclature Inorganic compounds: Ionic Compounds Na. Cl sodium chloride Mn 2 O 3 manganese(III) oxide

Nomenclature Inorganic compounds: Binary Molecular Compounds Greek Prefixes NO 2 nitrogen dioxide N 2 O 4 dinitrogen tetraoxide

Nomenclature Summary

Nomenclature Inorganic compounds: Acids Anion: chloride Acid: hydrochloric acid Anion: chlorate Acid: chloric acid Anion: chlorite Acid: chlorous acid

Nomenclature Inorganic compounds: Bases *Named like ionic compounds; cation followed by anion with “–ide” Na. OH Sodium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Magnesium Hydroxide

Nomenclature Inorganic compounds: Hydrates Cu. SO 4 5 H 2 O Ionic Hydrate compound Greek prefix Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate