Atoms 1 All substances are made from atoms
Atoms 1. All substances are made from atoms. 2. There about 100 different types of atoms 3. An element is a substance which contains only one type of atom
The Periodic Table
Element, Compound, Mixture
Structure of an Atom 1. Atoms have a small central nucleus containing protons and neutrons 2. Electrons orbit the nucleus 3. Protons, neutrons and electrons have different masses and charges
Atomic structure
Atomic structure
Atomic number 1. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus 2. In an atom, the number of electrons always equals the number of protons 3. Atoms do not have an overall electrical charge
Atomic number
Mass number 1. The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom 2. The number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number
Mass number
Calculations
Isotopes 1. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons (e. g. carbon-12 and carbon 14) 2. Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
Isotopes
Electrons 1. Each electron in an atom is at a particular energy level (or shell) 2. Electrons fill the lowest energy levels first (nearest to the nucleus) 3. The first shell can take a maximum of 2 electrons, the second shell can take 8, and the third shell can take 8
Electron Shells
Electron arrangements
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Quiz
- Slides: 18