Atomic Structure Periodic Table Trends Atomic Structure What

Atomic Structure & Periodic Table Trends

Atomic Structure What are three main subatomic particles? Where in the atom are those particles located?

Main Sub-Atomic Particles • Protons (+) – have a positive charge and an AMU of 1 • Neutrons (0) – have a neutral charge and an AMU of 1 • Electrons (-) – have a negative charge and a very small atomic mass

Brace Map – Parts of a Whole

Periodic Table Info Atomic Mass = protons and neutrons 12. 01 Element Name Carbon Chemical Symbol C 6 Atomic Number = number of protons

Atomic Math • Atomic Number equals the number of protons ALWAYS – a different number of protons means it’s a different element • Atomic Number MAY equal the number of electrons – a different number of electrons means you have an ion • Atomic Mass – Atomic Number equals the number of neutrons – a different number of neutrons means you have an isotope

Facts & Trends to Know • Atomic number = number of protons (+) ALWAYS! • Atomic number = number of electrons (-) SOMETIMES! Atom must be neutral. • Atomic mass = mass of protons plus mass of neutrons • You can find the number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass • Isotopes have a different number of NEUTRONS • Ions have a different number ELECTRONS

More Trends • Family number is a clue to the number of VALENCE ELECTRONS • Family number is a clue to charge of the ion that usually forms • The “magic number” is 8 (that is called the “OCTET RULE”) • Atoms with fewer than four electrons lose them and become CATIONS • Atoms with more than four electrons gain more and become ANIONS • Family 1, the alkali metals, are the most reactive metals • Family 17, the halogens, are the most reactive non-metals

More Trends • METALS are on the left, METALLOIDS are on the “stairstep” and NONMETALS are on the right • Atomic number increases across a row and down a column • Atomic mass generally increases across a row and down a column • Reactivity decreases from family 1 and 17 towards family 14, and family 18 is non-reactive • Columns generally contain the same number of valence electrons • Rows contain the same number of energy levels

Online Periodic Tables • Dynamic Periodic Table • Graphic Overflow • The Photographic Periodic Table

Periodic Table Songs (links to You. Tube) • Tom Lehrer’s Periodic Table Song: https: //youtu. be/z. GM-w. SKFBpo • ASAP Science Periodic Table Song: https: //youtu. be/rz 4 Dd 1 I_f. X 0 • They Might Be Giants “Meet the Elements”: https: //youtu. be/d 0 z. ION 8 xjb. M

A Boy & His Atom: the World’s Smallest Movie