Atomic structure Atomic Structure The structure of the

  • Slides: 39
Download presentation
Atomic structure

Atomic structure

Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

The structure of the atom ELECTRON NEUTRON PROTON

The structure of the atom ELECTRON NEUTRON PROTON

Sub-atomic particles Particle Charge Location mass Proton Positive Nucleus 1 amu Neutron Neutral Nucleus

Sub-atomic particles Particle Charge Location mass Proton Positive Nucleus 1 amu Neutron Neutral Nucleus 1 amu electron negative Orbits the 1/1842 amu nucleus

The Atom Hydrogen Proton Electron Hydrogen has one proton, one electron and NO neutrons

The Atom Hydrogen Proton Electron Hydrogen has one proton, one electron and NO neutrons

The Atom Helium Proton Electron Neutron Helium has two electrons, two protons and two

The Atom Helium Proton Electron Neutron Helium has two electrons, two protons and two neutrons

Mass number and atomic number MASS NUMBER: number of protons + number of neutrons

Mass number and atomic number MASS NUMBER: number of protons + number of neutrons SYMBOL ATOMIC NUMBER: number of protons (only)

How many protons, neutrons and electrons?

How many protons, neutrons and electrons?

How shells fill • The first electron shell can only hold a maximum of

How shells fill • The first electron shell can only hold a maximum of two electrons. • The second electron shell can hold a maximum of eight electrons. • The third electron shell can also hold a maximum of eight electrons. • The fourth electron shell can also hold eight electrons.

The Atom Helium Proton Electron Neutron Helium has two electrons, two protons and two

The Atom Helium Proton Electron Neutron Helium has two electrons, two protons and two neutrons

The Atom Lithium Protons Electrons Neutrons Lithium has three electrons, three protons and four

The Atom Lithium Protons Electrons Neutrons Lithium has three electrons, three protons and four neutrons.

The Atom Boron Protons Electrons Neutrons Boron has five electrons, five protons and six

The Atom Boron Protons Electrons Neutrons Boron has five electrons, five protons and six neutrons.

The Atom Oxygen Protons Electrons Neutrons Oxygen has eight electrons, eight protons and eight

The Atom Oxygen Protons Electrons Neutrons Oxygen has eight electrons, eight protons and eight neutrons.

The Atom Sodium Protons Electrons Neutrons Sodium has eleven electrons, eleven protons and twelve

The Atom Sodium Protons Electrons Neutrons Sodium has eleven electrons, eleven protons and twelve neutrons.

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell 4 Hydrogen 1 electron 0 electron H Helium He 2 electron 0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell 4 Lithium 2 electron Li 1 electron 0 electron Berylliu 2 m electron Be 2 electron 0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell 4 Boron B 2 electron 3 electron 0 electron Carbon C 2 electron 4 electron 0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell 4 Nitrogen 2 electron 5 electron 0 electron N Oxygen O 2 electron 6 electron 0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell 4 Fluorine F 2 electron 7 electron 0 electron Ne 2 electron 8 electron 0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell 4 Potassium 2 electron 8 electron 1 electron Calcium Ca 8 electron 2 electron 8 electron

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell 4 Sodium Na 2 electron 8 electron 1 electron 0 electron Magnesium 2 electron 8 electron 2 electron Mg 0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell 4 Aluminium 2 electron 8 electron Al 3 electron 0 electron Silicon Si 4 electron 0 electron 2 electron 8 electron

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Phosphoru 2 electron

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Shell 2 Phosphoru 2 electron 8 electron s P Sulphur 2 electron 8 electron S Shell 3 Shell 4 5 electron 0 electron 6 electron 0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Chlorine Cl Argon Ar Shell

How the shells fill with electrons Element Shell 1 Chlorine Cl Argon Ar Shell 2 Shell 3 Shell 4 2 electron 8 electron 7 electron 0 electron 2 electron 8 electron 0 electron

The Periodic table Vertical columns are called GROUPS Horizontal rows are called PERIODS

The Periodic table Vertical columns are called GROUPS Horizontal rows are called PERIODS

The Periodic Table Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons

The Periodic Table Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer shell (this correspond to their group number) H Li He Be B C N O F Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Fe Ni Cu Zn Ag Pt E. g. all group 1 metals have 1 electron in their outer shell Au Ne Br Kr I Xe Hg These elements have 3 electrons in their outer shells These elements have __ electrons in their outer shell

The Periodic Table As you move down through the periods an extra electron shell

The Periodic Table As you move down through the periods an extra electron shell is added: Li Be Na M g K Ca E. g. Lithium has 3 electron Hin the configuration 2, 1 He Sodium has. Fe 11 Ni Cu Zn electrons in the Ag configuration 2, 8, 1 Pt Au Hg Potassium has 19 electrons in the configuration __, __ B C N O F Ne Al Si P S Cl Ar Br Kr I Xe

The Periodic Table Most of the elements are metals: H These elements are metals

The Periodic Table Most of the elements are metals: H These elements are metals He Li Be B C N O F Na M g Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Fe Ni Cu Zn Ag Ne Br Kr I Xe Pt Au Hg This line divides metals from nonmetals These elements are non-metals

The Periodic Table All of the elements in the same group have similar PROPERTIES.

The Periodic Table All of the elements in the same group have similar PROPERTIES. This is how I thought of the periodic table in the first place. This is called PERIODICITY. H He Li Be B C N O F Na M g Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Fe Ni Cu Zn Ag Br Kr I E. g. consider the group 1 metals. They all: 1) Are soft Pt Au Hg 2) Can be easily cut with a knife 3) React with water Ne Xe

Group 1 – The alkali metals Li Na K Rb Cs Fr

Group 1 – The alkali metals Li Na K Rb Cs Fr

Group 0 – The Noble gases He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Group 0 – The Noble gases He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Group 7 – The halogens F Cl Br I At

Group 7 – The halogens F Cl Br I At

The First Twenty Elements • • Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen 1,

The First Twenty Elements • • Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen 1, 0, 0, 0 2, 1, 0, 0 2, 2, 0, 0 2, 3, 0, 0 2, 4, 0, 0 2, 5, 0, 0

First 20 Elements continued • • Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon 2,

First 20 Elements continued • • Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon 2, 6, 0, 0 2, 7, 0, 0 2, 8, 1, 0 2, 8, 2, 0 2, 8, 3, 0 2, 8, 4, 0

First 20 Elements continued • • • Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium 2,

First 20 Elements continued • • • Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium 2, 8, 5, 0 2, 8, 6, 0 2, 8, 7, 0 2, 8, 8, 1 2, 8, 8, 2

The Alkali metals • Lithium, Sodium and Potassium have one electron in their outer

The Alkali metals • Lithium, Sodium and Potassium have one electron in their outer shell and this is why they are found in group one of the periodic table.

The Nobel gases • The Nobel gases have full outer shells and they are

The Nobel gases • The Nobel gases have full outer shells and they are found in group 0 of the periodic table. Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon.

The Halogens • Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine are the Halogens and they all

The Halogens • Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine are the Halogens and they all have seven electrons in their outer shell. This is why they are found in group 7 of the periodic table.