ATOMIC BOMB On August 6 and 9 1945
ATOMIC BOMB On August 6 and 9, 1945, the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by the first atomic bombs used in warfare.
Harry S. Truman, Diary, July 25, 1945 • This weapon is to be used against Japan between now and August 10 th. I have told the Sec. of War, Mr. Stimson, to use it so that military objectives and soldiers and sailors are the target and not women and children. Even if the Japs are savages, ruthless, merciless and fanatic, we as the leader of the world for the common welfare cannot drop that terrible bomb on the old capital or the new.
Little Boy
HIROSHIMA • The smoke rising from the midst of the ring, glittering in colors of red, white and yellow, reached an altitude of 8, 000 meters in only 3 or 4 seconds.
EFFECTS ON HIROSHIMA • Little Boy ended up killing between 130, 000 to 150, 000 people. • The bomb leveled Hiroshima to the ground. It exploded with the force of 12, 000 tons of TNT. The heat from the explosion exceeded 50 million degrees Fahrenheit at the center of the fireball.
Distance from Ground Zero (km) Killed Injured Population 0 - 1. 0 26, 700 (86%) 3, 000 (10%) 31, 200 1. 0 - 2. 5 39, 600 (27%) 53, 000 (37%) 144, 800 2. 5 - 5. 0 1, 700 (2%) 20, 000 (25%) 80, 300 Total 68, 000 (27%) 76, 000 (30%) 256, 300
Nagasaki-type Atomic Bomb "Fatman" The Nagasaki atomic bomb was nicknamed "Fatman" because of its shape. The TNT implodes on the core of plutonium, causing nuclear fission.
NAGASAKI • There is a history of ties to the Western world unique to Nagasaki. This was the first port of entry for the Portuguese when Japan was opened to them in 1571. The Dutch maintained a foothold on Deshirna in the bay when the rest of Japan was sealed off from the outside world by the Foreign Exclusion Act in 1636. The Dutch brought modern medicine to Japan through Nagasaki. Roman Catholic priests, despite persecution, maintained a Christian hold within the city, and their followers were among those who suffered the most in the bombing
EFFECTS ON NAGASAKI • Caused by the Bomb on Nagasaki City on August 9, 1945 Population : about 240, 000 Deaths and injuries caused by the atomic bomb (estimates up to the end of December 1945) - Deaths : 73, 884 - Injuries : 74, 909
Distance from Ground Zero (km) Killed Injured Population 0 - 1. 0 27, 300 (88%) 1, 900 (6%) 30, 900 1. 0 - 2. 5 9, 500 (34%) 8, 100 (29%) 27, 700 2. 5 - 5. 0 1, 300 (11%) 11, 000 (10%) 115, 200 Total 38, 100 (22%) 21, 000 (12%) 173, 800
Distance between Hiroshima and Nagasaki is roughly 187 miles in a straight line (242 miles driving) Key: Distance between cities. Cities bombed
RADIATION BURNS • In October 1945, the patient was 17 years old. Although the portion covered by the shoulder strap of a bag was left unburned, traces of burns on the patient's back can be seen since the patient had light clothes on at that time
• Since she was indoors, she did not receive any burns, but about a week later, epilation started. In most instances the hair loss commenced in the second or third week. Fever begins a few days after the start of epilation and rises to about 40 degrees centigrade. Many people died in this condition.
EFFECTS HIROSHIMA NAGASAKI • 210, 000 - 250, 000 DEATHS • 62, 000 BUILINGS DESTROYED • HURRICANE+ WINDS 980 MPH • GROUND TEMPERATURE 7, 000 F • ENERGY RELEASED= 20, 000 TONS OF TNT
• http: //teacher. scholastic. com/activities/wwii /hiroshima/chapter 3. htm • http: //www. radiochemistry. org/history/inde x. shtml • http: //raf. union. rpi. edu/downloads. html
Was the U. S. justified in dropping the Atomic Bomb?
Hiroshima Prefecture Industrial Promotion Hall has come to be called "the A-bomb Dome", and it has come to symbolize to the people of the world "No More Hiroshimas".
World War Two Deaths Total Deaths : 61 Million • Soviet Union : 25, 568, 000 China : 11, 324, 000 Germany : 7, 060, 000 Poland : 6, 850, 000 Japan : 1, 806, 000 Yugoslavia : 1, 700, 000 Rumania : 985, 000 France : 810, 000 Hungary : 750, 000 Austria : 525, 000 Greece : 520, 000 Italy : 410, 000 Czechoslovakia : 400, 000 • Great Britain : 388, 000 USA : 295, 000 Holland : 250, 000 Belgium : 85, 000 Finland : 79, 000 Canada : 42, 000 India : 36, 000 Australia : 29, 000 Spain : 22, 000 Bulgaria : 21, 000 New Zealand : 12, 000 South Africa : 9, 000 Norway : 5, 000 Denmark : 4, 000
EFFECTS OF DROPPING THE BOMB AN INTERVIEW • Dr. Leo Szilard, 62, is a Hungarianborn physicist who helped persuade President Roosevelt to launch the A-bomb project and who had a major share in it. In 1945, however, he was a key figure among the scientists opposing use of the bomb.
• Q How would the world of today have been different if we had not dropped the atomic bomb on Japan? • A I think, if we had not dropped the bomb on Hiroshima and instead demonstrated the bomb after the war, then, if we had really wanted to rid the world of atomic bombs, I think we could probably have done it.
• Q Do you think it would have avoided a nucleararms race? • A I think we could have avoided a nuclear-arms race, yes, but we might still have gotten into conflict with Russia - over other issues.
• Q Do you think that the "missile age" would have come as quickly without the atomic bomb? • A No, the long-range missile would be completely useless without a nuclear warhead, because they are too expensive as vehicles for carrying TNT.
• Q What about the space age in general? Would that also have been put off into the indefinite future? • A I should think so. • Q Then was space exploration - missile, hydrogen bombs, all the rest of it - a natural outgrowth of the atomic bomb? • A I think so. But, you see, I'm in no hurry to get to Mars or Venus. I don't value the exploration of the solar system as much as maybe others do.
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