ATC Clearances and Instructions IANS ATC Clearances and

ATC Clearances and Instructions

IANS ATC Clearances and Instructions Objectives: q q q Define ATC clearance [1] Define ATC instruction [1] Describe the contents of an ATC clearance [2] Describe the contents of ATC instructions [2] List the items of ATC clearances and instructions that shall be read back [1] q Explain the co-ordination required [2] papavasileiou-atm 7 2

IANS ATC Subtopics q Definitions q Scope and purpose q Contents of air traffic control clearance q Description and read back of clearances q Types and issuance of ATC clearances q Examples of ATC clearances and instructions q Co-ordination of clearances papavasileiou-atm 7 3

IANS ATC Subtopics q Definitions q Scope and purpose q Contents of air traffic control clearance q Description and read back of clearances q Types and issuance of ATC clearances q Examples of ATC clearances and instructions q Co-ordination of clearances papavasileiou-atm 7 4

IANS ATC Definitions Air Traffic Control Clearance: q Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit. Air Traffic Control Instruction: q Directives issued by air traffic control for the purpose of requiring a pilot to take a specific action. papavasileiou-atm 7 5

IANS ATC Definition Note. — The abbreviated term “clearance” may be prefixed by the words: (“taxi”, (“take-off”, (“departure”, (“en-route”, (“approach” or (“landing” to indicate the particular portion of flight to which the air traffic control clearance relates. papavasileiou-atm 7 6

IANS ATC Subtopics q Definitions q Scope and purpose q Contents of air traffic control clearance q Description and read back of clearances q Types and issuance of ATC clearances q Examples of ATC clearances and instructions q Co-ordination of clearances papavasileiou-atm 7 7

IANS ATC Scope and Purpose ATC service q Air traffic control clearances shall be based solely on the requirements for providing air traffic control service. Authority to proceed q The issuance of air traffic control clearances by air traffic control units constitutes authority for an aircraft to proceed only in so far as known air traffic is concerned papavasileiou-atm 7 8

IANS ATC Scope and purpose Expedition and Separation q Clearances are issued solely for expediting and separating air traffic. q ATC units shall issue such ATC clearances as are necessary to prevent collisions and to expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic. papavasileiou-atm 7 9

IANS ATC Scope and purpose Timing q ATC clearances must be issued early enough to ensure that they are transmitted to the aircraft in sufficient time for it to comply with them. papavasileiou-atm 7 10

IANS ATC Scope and Purpose Known traffic conditions q Clearances are based on known traffic conditions which affect safety in aircraft operation (not only aircraft in the air but also any vehicular traffic or other obstructions not permanently installed on the manoeuvring area) papavasileiou-atm 7 11

IANS ATC Scope and Purpose Unsuitable Clearance q If an air traffic control clearance is not suitable to the pilot-in-command of an aircraft, he may request and, if practicable, obtain an amended clearance. papavasileiou-atm 7 12

IANS ATC Scope and Purpose Pilot’s Responsibility q ATC clearances do not relieve a pilot-incommand of any responsibility whatsoever in connection with a possible violation of applicable rules and regulations. CLX 522 descend to 5000 feet. . . 6000’ 5000’ papavasileiou-atm 7 13

IANS ATC Scope and Purpose Summary q ATC service q Authority to proceed q Expedition and separation q Timing q Known traffic conditions q Unsuitable clearance q Pilots responsibility papavasileiou-atm 7 Cleared to. . . 14

IANS ATC Subtopics q Definitions q Scope and purpose q Contents of air traffic control clearance q Description and read back of clearances q Types and issuance of ATC clearances q Examples of ATC clearances and instructions q Co-ordination of clearances papavasileiou-atm 7 15

IANS ATC Contents of an ATC clearance Clearances shall contain positive and concise data and shall, as far as practicable, be phrased in a standard manner. DLH 202 cleared to EDDF, via UB 5, FL 350, VLM 9 G departure, squawk 2301 papavasileiou-atm 7 16

IANS ATC Contents of an ATC clearance Clearances shall contain the following items in the order listed: aircraft identification; b) clearance limit; cleared to EDDF c) route of flight; Via UB 5 FL 350 d) level(s) of flight for the entire route or part thereof and changes of levels if required; DLH 202 a) papavasileiou-atm 7 17

IANS ATC Contents of an ATC clearance e) any necessary instructions or information on other matters such as SSR transponder operation, approach or departure manoeuvres, communications and the time of expiry of the clearance. VLM 9 G departure squawk 2301 papavasileiou-atm 7 18

IANS ATC Subtopics q Definitions q Scope and purpose q Contents of air traffic control clearance q Description and read back of clearances q Types and issuance of ATC clearances q Examples of ATC clearances and instructions q Co-ordination of clearances papavasileiou-atm 7 19

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance q Clearance limit - The point to which an aircraft is granted an air traffic control clearance q Limit will be specified as: ( - a reporting point ( - an aerodrome ( - controlled airspace boundary q Prior co-ordination q Intermediate clearance q Destination outside controlled airspace papavasileiou-atm 7 20

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance q q Prior co-ordination Intermediate clearance papavasileiou-atm 7 21

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance Destination outside controlled airspace papavasileiou-atm 7 22

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance q Route detailed as necessary q Flight planned route/specify airways q Cleared via STAR/SID q No Flight Planned Route for re-clearance q Direct routing whenever possible papavasileiou-atm 7 23

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance FLIGHT 607, MAASTRICHT, IN ORDER TO FACILITATE YOUR DESCENT FOR FULL-STOP LANDING IN HAMBURG AIRPORT, TURN LEFT AND ROLL-OUT HEADING 350, REPORT WHEN STEADY YOU ARE CLEARED TO DESCENT TO AND MAINTAIN FL 160, DESCENT WITH 2000’ FPM OR MORE 1000’ FPM OR LESS IN ORDER TO CROSS DLE FL 250 OR ABOVE, FL 270 OR BELOW TO BE AT LEVEL 30 NM NORTH OF HNV. YOU MAY LEAVE FL 350 AT YOUR CONVENIENCE, OVER… Route detailed as necessary …. but clear and concise HUH… IN THAT CASE WE DIVERT TO COPENHAGEN papavasileiou-atm 7 24

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance Levels q Cruising levels / cruise climb q Levels for significant points q Place or time for climb / descent q Rate of climb / descent q Departure / approach levels instructions papavasileiou-atm 7 25

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance Cruising levels q cruising level(s) or, for cruise climb, a range of levels, and, if necessary, the point to which the clearance is valid with regard to the level(s); SAS 1151, cleared to Copenhagen, via UR 15, FL 310, after departure turn left direct MIC, maintain FL 50 until passing MIC, squawk 5001 papavasileiou-atm 7 26

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance Levels for significant points q levels at which specified significant points are to be crossed, when necessary; CFG 1151, descend to FL 250 cross DOM at FL 250 papavasileiou-atm 7 27

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance Place or time for climb / descent ACA 035, at ARNEM descend to FL 250 cross DOM at FL 300 or lower papavasileiou-atm 7 28

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance Rate of climb / descent BAW 035, climb to FL 350 at 1000 feet per minute or greater papavasileiou-atm 7 29

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance Departure / approach levels Instructions OAL 125, expect ILS approach RWY 30, descend 11000 feet, QNH 1003, proceed direct MOL, at MOL descend to 6000 feet papavasileiou-atm 7 30

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance Clearance of requested change in flight plan papavasileiou-atm 7 31

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance Read-back of clearances The flight crew shall always read back: q ATC route clearances; q clearances and instructions to enter, land on, take off on, hold short of, cross taxi and backtrack on any runway; and q runway-in-use, altimeter setting, SSR codes, level instructions, heading and speed instructions and, whether issued by the controller or contained in ATIS broadcast, transition level papavasileiou-atm 7 32

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance Read-back of clearances The controller shall listen to the read-back and shall take immediate action to correct any Leaving FL 330 for CLX 522 discrepancies revealed by the read-back. FL 220, CLX 522 descend FL 320 FL 310 FL 300 papavasileiou-atm 7 33

IANS ATC Description of an ATC clearance Read-back of clearances The controller shall listen to the read-back and shall take immediate action to correct any Leaving FL 330 for CLX 522 NEGATIVE, discrepancies revealed by the read-back. FL 220, CLX 522 DESCEND FL 320 FL 310 FL 300 papavasileiou-atm 7 34

IANS ATC Subtopics q Definitions q Scope and purpose q Contents of air traffic control clearance q Description and read back of clearances q Types and issuance of ATC clearances q Examples of ATC clearances and instructions q Co-ordination of clearances papavasileiou-atm 7 35

IANS ATC Issuance of an ATC clearance q Aircraft subject to ATC clearance: ( Submission of a flight plan ( Request for priority q Subject to ATC clearance for part of flight ( Uncontrolled = advice re contact ( Controlled Uncontrolled = termination of control point papavasileiou-atm 7 36

IANS ATC Issuance of an ATC clearance Flights through intermediate stops q Initial clearance limit first destination (ATS & SAR purposes) q Clearance through intermediate stops only after coordination papavasileiou-atm 7 37

IANS ATC Issuance of an ATC clearance q Departing aircraft: ( ACC shall forward a clearance to APP or TWR prior to request or with least possible delay q En-route aircraft ( Adjacent unit may be requested to clear aircraft q After the initial clearance ( amended whenever necessary q Cruise climb clearance ( on request & if possible papavasileiou-atm 7 38

IANS ATC Issuance of an ATC clearance Supersonic flight q Transonic acceleration phase cleared prior to departure q Minimum re-clearences due to operational limitations papavasileiou-atm 7 39

IANS ATC Subtopics q Definitions q Scope and purpose q Contents of air traffic control clearance q Description and read back of clearances q Types and issuance of ATC clearances q Examples of ATC clearances and instructions q Co-ordination of clearances papavasileiou-atm 7 40

IANS ATC Types of ATC clearances q q q q ATC clearance Taxi clearance Take-off clearance En-route clearance Approach clearance Landing clearance Expedite clearance Downstream clearance papavasileiou-atm 7 41

IANS ATC Example - ATC clearance KLM 505 cleared to Amsterdam, via UB 5 FL 280, request level change en-route, KOXAR 1 C departure squawk 2322 papavasileiou-atm 7 42

IANS ATC Example - ATC clearance BAW 220 B cleared to Heathrow, via UG 9, FL 280, SINKO 1 D departure, squawk 2255 papavasileiou-atm 7 43

IANS ATC Example - TAXI clearance BAW 215 G, taxi to holding position RWY 10 papavasileiou-atm 7 44

IANS ATC Example – TAXI clearance SNB 125, taxi to the apron via taxiways alpha, echo, hold short of taxiway zulu papavasileiou-atm 7 45

IANS ATC Example – TAXI clearance AUA 882 K, taxi to holding position RWY 04 L cross runway 22 L papavasileiou-atm 7 46

IANS ATC Example – TAKE-OFF clearance AZA 1413, after departure contact Linate approach 119. 1, cleared for take-off papavasileiou-atm 7 47

IANS ATC Example - EN-ROUTE clearance UAE 245, cleared to KJFK, via TBL, RAK, DDC, MIC, KOMEN, FULDA, UA 614, FL 330, squawk 2244 papavasileiou-atm 7 48

IANS ATC Example - ATC clearance SAS 1151, cleared to Copenhagen, via UR 15, FL 310, after departure turn left direct MIC, maintain FL 50 until passing MIC, squawk 5001 papavasileiou-atm 7 49

IANS ATC Example - LEVEL & HDG instruction CSA 225, descent FL 210, turn left heading 150, after passing FL 250 resume own navigation direct TALAS papavasileiou-atm 7 50

IANS ATC Example - Ro. C instruction CSA 225, climb FL 310, at 1000 feet per minute or greater until passing FL 220. papavasileiou-atm 7 51

IANS ATC Example - APP clearance FFR 998, cleared ILS approach, report established papavasileiou-atm 7 52

IANS ATC Example - LANDING clearance FFR 998, RWY 34 R, cleared to land papavasileiou-atm 7 53

IANS ATC Example - INSTRUCTIONS FFR 998, turn left heading 225 OAL 180, squawk ident … CSA 225, …reset squawk 1412 … KLM 444, reduce speed to 240 knots or less … papavasileiou-atm 7 54

IANS ATC Subtopics q Definitions q Scope and purpose q Contents of air traffic control clearance q Description and read back of clearances q Types and issuance of ATC clearances q Examples of ATC clearances and instructions q Co-ordination of clearances papavasileiou-atm 7 55

IANS ATC Coordination of clearances To cover the entire route (destination) or portions: q co-ordination prior to departure, or q if reasonable assurance that it will be effected To the point where co-ordination is assured q if prior co-ordination has not been achieved or anticipated q with timely issue of further clearance or holding papavasileiou-atm 7 56

IANS ATC Coordination of clearances Downstream clearance q to contact next ATC unit prior to the TCP q to maintain communication with the current ATC unit q clearly identifiable to the pilot as such q shall not affect the original flight profile q co-ordination prior to issuance of DEP clearance PPR if unable to comply with standard conditions (if airborne, hold) papavasileiou-atm 7 57

IANS ATC Subtopics q Definitions q Scope and purpose q Contents of air traffic control clearance q Description and read back of clearances q Types and issuance of ATC clearances q Examples of ATC clearances and instructions q Co-ordination of clearances papavasileiou-atm 7 58

IANS ATC papavasileiou-atm 7 59