ASTHENOSPHERE Also called the plastic mantle The layer

ASTHENOSPHERE • Also called the “plastic mantle”. The layer of Earth's mantle below the lithosphere where molten magma moves in convection currents causing the plates above to move. • ESRT pg 10

CONTINENTAL CRUST • Crust beneath the continents. Made of granite. Thicker and LESS dense than oceanic crust. • ESRT pg 10

CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY • Boundary where two plates are coming together. • Trenches are found here. • ESRT pg 5

CRUST • The outermost portion of the earth’s solid lithosphere. • ESRT pg 10

DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY • Boundary where plates are pulling apart. Ridges are found here • ESRT pg 5

EARTHQUAKE • Sudden shaking of the ground caused by crustal movement.

HOT SPOT • Places on earth where magma rises. Not always on plate boundaries

INNER CORE • Innermost layer of earth. Inferred to be solid iron and nickel. • ESRT pg 10

LITHOSPHERE • The whole crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. The Land/rock layer of earth.

LITHOSPHERIC PLATE • Pieces of Earth's crust and rigid mantle that are broken into plates

MANTLE • The mostly solid layer of earth between the crust and the outer core. • ESRT pg 10

MID-OCEAN RIDGE • Underwater mountain range formed at divergent plate boundaries. New rock is made here. • ESRT pg 5

OCEANIC CRUST • Basalt crust beneath the oceans. Thinner and more dense than continental crust.

OCEAN TRENCH • Feature found at convergent plate boundaries where one plate subducts under another. • ESRT pg 5

OUTER CORE • Layer of earth between inner core and mantle. Inferred to be made of liquid iron and nickel. • ESRT pg 10

PLATE • Slowly moving piece of earth’s crust and rigid mantle • ESRT pg 5

PLATE TECTONIC THEORY • theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle

P-WAVES • Wave of energy produced by an earthquake. P-Waves travel fastest and can go through solids, liquids, and gasses. • Also called “Primary” or “compression” waves

SEISMIC WAVES • Energy waves produced by earthquakes that travel through the earth. P-Waves and S-Waves are types of seismic waves.

SUBDUCTION • The sinking of one tectonic plate beneath another at convergent boundaries • ESRT pg 5

S-WAVES • Wave of energy produced by an earthquake. • S-Waves travel slower than P-Waves, arrive second at seismic stations, and can NOT go through liquids. • Also called “Secondary”waves

TECTONIC PLATE • Slowly moving piece of earth’s crust and rigid mantle • ESRT pg 5

TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY • Plate boundaries where two plates slide past each other. Also called “strike-slip”. Faults are found at transform boundaries. • ESRT pg 5

TSUNAMI • Series of enormous ocean waves caused by earthquakes, underwater landslides, or volcanic eruptions.

VOLCANIC ERUPTION • When lava and gas are forced from inside earth’s interior through a volcanic vent.

VOLCANO • An opening in earth’s crust, usually along plate boundaries, where lava and gases can escape. To the surface.