AST 3003 S Galactic and Extragalactic Astronomy Lecturers

AST 3003 S Galactic and Extragalactic Astronomy • Lecturers (shared course) – Renée C. Kraan-Korteweg (first part: 15/07 – 23/08) • Astronomy Department (RW James Bldg, room 539. 2) • Tel: 021 - 650 5829 (leave voice mail) • Email: kraan@ast. uct. ac. za – Kurt van der Heyden (second half: 26/08 – 15/10) • Astronomy Department (RW James Bldg, room 537) • Tel: 021 – 650 4042 • Email: heyden@ast. uct. ac. za • Tutor : – Ed Elson – Astronomy Department (RW James Bldg, room 526/525) • Email: ed@ast. uct. ac. za • Secretary: – Roslyn (Roz) Daniels • Astronomy Department (RW James Bldg, room 536) • Tel: 021 - 650 4437 • Email: admin@ast. uct. ac. za

Galactic & Extragalactic Astronomy Lecture slot: Monday – Friday, 2 nd period (09: 00 – 09: 50) preferentially to be moved 11: 00 – 11: 50 – clash? Tutorial slot: Wednesday afternoon, 6 th and 7 th period (14: 00 – 16: 00) Clash for anyone? Else Tuesday, or Friday? Actual dates of tuts will be announced in class NOTE: extra tutorials on IRAF the 2 week(s) before observing (Dr. Natasha Maddox, PDRF) Question time: Availability of Ed Elson: Thursdays 2 -3 pm (can be changed) Venue: Lectures: - Room 2. 19 (ACGC) RW James Tutoring sessions: - Room 2. 19 (ACGC) RW James

Galactic & Extragalactic Astronomy Tutorials: - Exercises/problem solving (about once every 2 nd week) - Projects: observations, data reductions, analysis and report in - (a) Radio astronomy (KAT office, radio project) - (b) Optical astronomy/spectroscopy (1. 9 m telescope, Sutherland) - (c) Presentation on hot topic (oral) Diarise following timeslots!!! (a) (b) 31 July: Wednesday tut-slot for KAT office visit and radio astronomy prac (date not confirmed yet) 1 - 8 Sept: Note: (c) 2 Oct: Sutherland for spectroscopic observations with 1. 9 m Radcliffe telescope - we will go in groups of 4 -5 students for 3 nights each, during which each group will be in charge of observations for 2 nights - this is in the semester break, and obligatory !!! Wednesday tut-slot for presentation on hot topic & and copy of presentation!!!

Galactic & Extragalactic Astronomy Grading: Tutorials/pracs: → All together 30% - Homeworks (8%) - KAT visit/prac/report (2%) - Sutherland observing project (12%) - Presentation on hot topic (8%) active participation bonus late hand in of homework or reports get 10% deduction Class tests: → Count for 20% 2 class tests (10% each; 23 Aug; 14 or 15 Oct) unexcused absence of exam: 0 for the exam End of year examination (2 hr exam): → Counts for 50% (22 Oct - 7 November 2013)

Main Books (all available at amazon. com): – “An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics”, B. W. Carroll & D. A. Ostlie, Addison Wesley, 1 st edition, 1995, ISBN 0 -201 -54730 -9 (used from USD 30 upwards, new USD 150) 2 nd edition, 2006 (21 July) – “Fundamental Astronomy”, H. Karttunen, P. Kroeger, H. Oja, M. Poutanen, K. J. Donner, Springer, 3 rd revised and enlarged edition, 1997, ISBN 3 -540 -60936 4 th revised revision, 2003 – Other good books – of interest for certain sections: • “Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction”, L. Sparke, J. Gallagher, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000 [SG] ISBN 3 -540 -41927 -6; 2007 2 nd edition • “Galactic Astronomy”, J. Binney, M. Merrifield, Princeton Univ. Press, 1998 [BM] ISBN 3 -540 -41927 -6 (graduate level; some chapters really excellent) • “Galaxies and Galactic Structure”, D. Elmegreen, Prentice Hall, 1997, ISBN 3 -540 -41927 -6, (undergraduate level; very good and clear) • “The Physical Universe: An Introduction to Astronomy”, F. Shu, 1982, University Science Books, ISBN 0 -19 -855 -706 (does not cover more modern discoveries, but very didactical in the material it covers that is still up to date) Note!!! Lecture notes are guidelines - Go to original material to study

CONTENT (first part RKK; few lectures by Ed Elson) 1995 The Milky Way 1. Overview MW [BM 1; CO 1. 3, 22. 1, 22. 2; KKOPD 2. 1, 2. 7] • Some history; review of size, shape, and components • Spherical trigonometry; Galactic coordinate system 2. Interstellar Medium [mostly KKOPD 4. 5, 16; CO 12. 1; BM 3. 7, …] • Observations and effect of ISM (opacity, extinction and reddening) • Interstellar dust: discovery, measurements, overall Galactic extinction (in MW and external galaxies); dark nebulae, reflection nebulae, dust temperature, composition and origin of dust • Gas: neutral hydrogen, HII regions, molecular hydrogen, PN, SNR, hot gas 3. Morphology and Components of the Galaxy [CO 22. 2, 22. 4, KKOPD 18. 1 -2] • Distance indicators (up to Cepheids), the Local Standard of Rest, Spectra of galaxies • Stellar statistics, populations and metallicity, thin & thick disk and M/L, spiral structure, satellite galaxies, the Galactic Bulge, the Galactic Halo 4. Kinematics [KKOPD 18. 2 -18. 3, CO 22. 2 -22. 4] • Differential rotation; Oort’s constants; • Rotation curve, total mass of Galaxy, Dark Matter • Galactic Centre and evidence for SMBH Galaxies 5. Morphology of Galaxies, statistical properties [mostly CO 23] • Review of morph. classification; spectra, comparison of global properties • Spiral galaxies: photometry, rotation curves, Tully-Fisher and other relations, SMBH • Elliptical galaxies: photometry; dust gas & metallicity, Faber-Jackson relation, 3 D-shape and rotation measure • Statistical properties: the luminosity function • Distribution in space: distance determinations

CONTENT (2 nd part with Dr Kurt van der Heyden) 6. Active Galaxies • • • Unified Model Radio Jets Using Quasars to probe the Universe 7. Scales of the Universe • Introduction to large-scale structures • Large Structures in the Universe • Groups and clusters of galaxies 8. Lives of Galaxies • • • Galaxy formation Galaxy evolution Dark Matter 9. Cosmology • • Newtonian Cosmology The Cosmic Microwave Background The Early Universe Origin of Structure

Assignment of 1 term paper (8%): Note: must be related to course • Selection of topic (final topic decision on 22 August) • Search (and approval by lecturer) of research material (books, journals, internet) • Preparation of ppt-presentation of 8 -10 minutes, followed 2 min discussion time • Hardcopy hand-out of ppt-slides to all participants on day of presentation • A 1 -page (2 max) summary report of hot topic (proper journal style) ==> Proper accreditation to sources used!!! • SUGGEST YOUR OWN TOPIC … Find articles related to content of course Sources as starting point and overview; • • Scientific American (http: //www. scientificamerican. com) Science (http: //www. sciencemag. org/magazine) (Sky and Telescope) Internet (such as – http: //www. sciencedaily. com) Often based on press releases (hot topics), but not always with journal articles yet available – http: /www. skyandtelescope. com/news – http: //news. discovery. com/space (App)

Suggestions for presentations (Sc. Am and S&T) : The Benevolence of Black Holes by C. Scharf, Scientific American 307, 22 -27 (August 2012) (How Black Holes Shape the Galaxies, Stars and Planets around them; BH may actually account for Earth's existence and habitability) The Inner Life of Star Clusters, by Steven W. Stahler, Scientific American 308, 44 - 51 (March 2013) The Far, Far Future of Stars by Donald Goldsmith Scientific American: March 2012, pgs 28 -33 (Future of Universe) Galaxies in a New Light by Michael Rich Sky & Telescope: April 2012 pgs 20 -25 (GALEX, SF) Where was the Sun Born? Finding the Sun’s Lost Nursery by Robert Zimmerman Sky & Telescope: Mar 2012 pgs 30 -36 The Dark Side of the Milky Way by Leo Blitz Scientific American: Oct 2011, pgs 22 -29 (DM, warp of MW, Missing satellite) The lost Galaxies by James E. Geach Scientific American: May 2011, pgs 30 -37 (WHIg. M; galaxy evolution, feedback) The Quest for the Most Massive Star by Yaël Nazé Sky & Telescope: May 2010 pgs 22 -27

Suggestions for presentations (Science daily etc) : A Vast Thin Plane of Co-rotating Dwarf Galaxies Orbiting the Andromeda Galaxy Rodrigo A. Ibata et al. , Nature 493, 62 -65 (2013) www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2013/01/130103113846. htm A Herschel [C II] Galactic plane survey I: the global distribution of ISM gas components (there is more molcular gas in the Milky Way than ever thought before) by J. L. Pineda, et al. , 2013, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 554, A 103 http: //sci. esa. int/herschel/51909 SEGUE 2: THE LEAST MASSIVE GALAXY (Scientists Size Up Universe's Most Lightweight Dwarf Galaxy) Evan N. Kirby et al. , The Astrophysical Journal, 2013; 770 http: //www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2013/06/130610133535. htm A dust-obscured massive maximum-starburst galaxy at a redshift of 6. 34 (Massive Galaxy Had Intense Burst of Star Formation When Universe Was Only 6 Percent of Current Age) Dominik A. Riechers, et al. Nature, 2013; 496 (7445) http: //www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2013/04/130417131819. htm Signatures of Cool Gas Fueling a Star-Forming Galaxy at Redshift 2. 3, by N. Bouche, et al. 2013; Science 341 (6141) http: //www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2013/07/130705102029. htm Transformation of a Virgo Cluster Dwarf Irregular Galaxy by Ram Pressure Stripping: IC 3418 and its Fireball (PR: Requiem for a Weeping, Doomed Galaxy) Jachym, P. A&A, in press (ar. Xiv: 1305. 7113) http: //news. discovery. com/space/galaxies/requiem-for-a-weeping-galaxy-130620. htm

Suggestions for presentations (Science daily) : Comprehensive Study of a z = 2: 35 DLA Galaxy: Mass, Metallicity, Age, Morphology and SFR from HST and VLT Krogager et al, 2013, MNRAS, in press (Ar. Xiv: 1304. 4231) http: //news. discovery. com/space/galaxies/our-chemical-origins-in-a-distant-galaxy 130703. htm Accelerated chemistry in the reaction between the hydroxyl radical and methanol at interstellar temperatures facilitated by tunnelling, Robin J. Shannon, et al, Nature Chemistry, 2013 http: //news. discovery. com/space/cosmic-booze-created-in-quantum-brewery-130701. htm Seeds of Massive Black Holes Found at the Centre of the Galaxy http: //www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2012/07/120720083011. htm Oka, Y. O. et al: ASTE COJ= 3 -2 SURVEY OF THE GALACTIC CENTER; Ap. JSS 2012 Astronomers Using the HST Report the Earliest Spiral Galaxy Ever Seen http: //www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2012/07/120718131746. htm Law, D. R. et al. 2012, Nature Hubble Unmasks Ghost Galaxies (Missing Satellite problem) http: //www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2012/07/120710133102. htm Brown T. M. et al. 2012; The Primeval Populations of the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies; Ap. J Multiple Mergers Generate Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy http: //www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2012/06/120629120318. htm Taniguchi, Y. et al 2012: Post-Starburst Tidal Tails in the Archetypical Ultra Luminous Infrared Galaxy Arp 220, MNRAS 753

Journal Articles (most important astronomical websites) – The ADS server (http: //adsabs. harvard. edu/abstract_service. html) mirror site at http: //saaoads. chpc. ac. za/abstract_service. html with links to full journal articles – Astro-ph: Mostly all astronomical articles on astro-ph (http: //arxiv. org/archive/astro-ph) since about early 90’s; often not yet in print but mostly accepted for publications) • Daily new articles on http: //arxiv. org/list/astro-ph/new Checked by all active astronomers on a daily basis Some other important astronomical websites: • Nature http: //www. nature. com/news/index. html (particularly Thursdays) • The Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (http: //arjournals. annualreviews. org/loi/astro) – publishes invited reviews by leading experts in their field from all over the world.