Association of California Airports Instrument Flight Procedures September
Association of California Airports Instrument Flight Procedures September 13, 2017
Introduction • Instrument navigation – Departures – Arrivals • United States Standards for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) – Departures – Approaches • New Procedures – FAA Instrument Flight Procedures Gateway • Modification of Procedures – Construction 2
Association of California Airports INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION 3
Instrument Navigation • Types of Navigation – Ground based • ILS, LOC, MLS, VOR, DME, TACAN (Military), ASR, NDB • RNAV – DME/IRU – Space based • RNAV Lateral Navigation (LNAV) – Uses FMS and un-augmented GPS for navigation (no vertical information) • RNAV Lateral Navigation/Vertical Navigation (LNAV/VNAV) – Uses FMS and un-augmented GPS for lateral navigation and Barometric sensing for vertical navigation • RNAV Localizer Performance Vertical (LPV) – Uses the WAAS GPS signal for lateral and vertical navigation • RNAV Localizer Performance (LP) – Uses the WAAS GPS signal for lateral navigation • RNAV Required Navigational Performance (RNP) – Uses certified FMS with actual navigation reporting and un-augmented GPS for lateral navigation and barometric sensing for vertical navigation • RNAV Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) – Uses a locally corrected GPS signal for final approach.
Phases of Flight Source: Federal Aviation Administration Prepared by: Ricondo & Associates Inc.
Types of Procedures to Consider for Airports • Departures – Ground Based • VOR, DME, LOC, TACAN (Military), NDB, RNAV (DME/IRU) – Space Based • RNAV (GPS), RNAV/RNP • Approaches – Ground Based • ILS, LOC, MLS, VOR, DME, TACAN (Military), ASR, NDB – Space Based • RNAV (GPS) LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, LP, RNP, GBAS
Association of California Airports TERPS OBSTACLE CLEARANCE SURFACES FOR AIRPORTS 7
Departure Obstacle Clearance Surface • Based on 200’/NM Climb Gradient • Obstacle clearance is 40: 1 from ICA to en route altitude
TERPS Departure Surface - Initial Climb Area Current Criteria ith t w ght f a ei rcr f ai sing h o h s pat ld cro l a ic o Typ hresh t 35’ ired u q re um M m i in /N h m f 200’ t i w o 1. raft dient c r e 40: i c a a a f r r f u h o limb g ce S aran Pat c e l C le 3. 15’ Obstac Required Crossing Height 35’ 27 Runway Elevation = 0’ Notes: 1. Not to scale. For illustration purposes only 2. Based on FAA Order 8260. 3 B 3. Prepared by Ricondo & Associates, Inc. 40’ 96. 2’ 303. 80’ 1 7, . 24 51 N 2. M 36 10’ 1’ 400’ 2 NM 12, 152. 23’
SIAP Approach Types and Minimums • Categories of Approaches – Precision Approaches (PA) and Approach Procedures with Vertical (APV) – Lateral and Vertical Guidance 1 • ILS 1 , LPV 2 , GBAS/LAAS 1 , MLS 1 , LNAV/VNAV 3, RNP 3 – Non-Precision – Lateral Guidance Only • LOC, RNAV, LP, NDB, ASR, VOR, DME, TACAN Notes: 1 - Approach types consistent with FAR Part 77 precision approach category 2 - Approaches can be categorized as either FAR Part 77 precision or non precision category depending on minimums. 3 - Approaches have vertical guidance but non-precision minimums. They fall within the FAR Part 77 non-precision approach category.
SIAP Approach Types and Minimums • Minima Types – Straight in • Aligned with runway • Offset – +/- 3° for ILS, MLS, LPV +/- 15° LDA with glide slope +/-15° for LNAV/VNAV – +/- 30° for RNAV LNAV, VOR/DME – Circling • To other runway ends • When obstacles exist precluding a standard descent Notes: 1 - Approach types consistent with FAR Part 77 precision approach category 2 - Approaches can be categorized as either FAR Part 77 precision or non precision category depending on minimums. 3 - Approaches have vertical guidance but non-precision minimums. They fall within the FAR Part 77 non-precision approach category.
SIAP Approach Types and Minimums • Minimums Calculation – Precision Approach • Based on sloping final surface – APV • Based on combination of a flat and sloping surface for RNP • Based on combination of a flat and sloping surface for LNAV/VNAV – Non Precision Approach • Based on highest obstacle in final +250’ for LNAV, LP, VOR, TACAN • Lowest Approach Minimum by Categories – – – CAT I Precision - 200’ HAT and ½ mile visibility or RVR of 1800 Non-Precision - 250’ HAT and ½ mile visibility or RVR of 2400 CAT II – 100’ HAT and ¼ mile visibility or RVR of 1600 CAT IIIa - 50’ HAT and RVR of 700’ Cat IIIb -0’ – 50’ HAT and RVR > 600’ Cat IIIc - 0’ HAT and 0’ RVR (Not currently Used)
SIAP – Flight Segments • Feeder • Initial • Intermediate • Final Approach • Missed Approach • Holding
TERPS Basics – Approach Flight Segments Obstacle Clearance Segment Obstacle Clearance Feeder 1, 000 feet 2, 000 feet, mountainous Initial 1, 000 feet Intermediate 500 feet Final – Precision Clear of Obstacle Clearance Surface (OCS). Slope is 34: 1 for 3° glide path angle. Final – Non-Precision 250 feet, 300 feet, 350 feet Final – RNP 250 feet in DVEB and Clear of OCS. Final LNAV/VNAV Clear of OCS slope based on barometric calculation. Missed Approach Clear 40: 1 Holding 1, 000 feet
Final Approach Obstacle Clearance Surface (OCS) – Plan View
Final Approach Obstacle Clearance Surface (OCS) – Profile View 2, 796. 72’ : 1 face 7 r u S Y ce 4: 1 X Surfa ce 34: 1 W Surfa 2, 439. 58’ 1, 470. 58’ 117. 85’ 75’ 0’ 50, 200 Feet W Surface Start = Rwy End Elevation X Surface Start = Rwy End Elevation Rising to 75’ at 4: 1 Y Surface Start = 75’ Rising to 117. 85’ at 7: 1 W Surface at 50, 000’ = 1, 470. 58’ X Surface at 50, 000’ = 1, 470. 58’ Rising to 2, 439. 58’ at 4: 1 Y Surface at 50, 000’ = 2, 439. 58’ Rising to 2, 796. 72 at 7: 1
Final Approach Obstacle Clearance Surface (OCS)
TERPS Precision Final Approach Area Intermediate Approach Final Approach MDA 250’ Above Highest Obstacle PFAF 500’ Above Highest Obstacle (Precision Final Approach Fix) 2, 680. 87’ 1210. 29’ ROC (Required Obstacle Clearance) 78. 3’ ce Des 68. 3’ WO cle bsta Clea 34: 1 ra 1470. 58’ Y Surface 7: 1 W Surface 34: 1 X Surface 4: 1 340’ Notes: 1. Not to scale, . For illustration purposes only 2. Approach example based on a standard 3. 0° glide path angle with 50’ Threshold Crossing Altitude (THC) and 8. 26 NM final segment. 3. Precision approaches include ILS, MLS, LPV, and GBAS 4. Based on FAA Order 8260. 69 5. Prepared by Ricondo & Associates, Inc. Y Surface 7: 1 8. 26 NM 50, 200’ ’ 34’ M 15 1 N 76. 1 6, 0 1’ X Surface 4: 1 10’ M 5’ 1 N 6. 11 7 6, 0 Runway Elevation = 0’ . 0° le 3 ng nt a 09 Threshold Crossing Height 50’ e urfac nce S
TERPS Non-Precision Final Approach Area LOC and LP Intermediate Approach Final Approach MDA 250’ Above Highest Obstacle 500’ Above Highest Obstacle FAF (Final Approach Fix) 500’ Y Surface 7: 1 250’ Notes: 1. Not to scale. For illustration purposes only 2. Approach example based on a standard 3. 0° glide path angle with 50’ Threshold Crossing Altitude (THC) and 8. 26 NM final segment. 3. Non-Precision approaches include LP, LOC, RNAV LNAV, VOR, NDB. Surface shown represents LOC or LP final. 4. Based on FAA Order 8260. 3 B 5. Prepared by Ricondo & Associates, Inc. Y Surface 7: 1 8. 26 NM 50, 200’ ’ Runway Elevation = 0’ M 15 1 N 76. 1 6, 0 27 Primary Surface M 5’ 1 N 6. 11 7 6, 0 Threshold Crossing Height 50’ 3. 0° scen De mal i Opt gle t an
TERPS Non-Precision Final Approach Area RNAV LNAV Final Approach MDA 250’ Above Highest Obstacle Intermediate Approach 500’ Above Highest Obstacle FAF (Final Approach Fix) 3. 0° n esce l. D tima gle t an Op 27 Threshold Crossing Height 50’ Runway Elevation = 0’ Notes: 1. Not to scale. For illustration purposes only 2. Approach example based on a standard 3. 0° glide path angle with 50’ Threshold Crossing Altitude (THC) and 8. 26 NM final segment. 3. Non-Precision approaches include LP, LOC, RNAV LNAV, VOR, NDB. Surface shown represents RNAV LNAV Final 4. Based on FAA Order 8260. 58 5. Prepared by Ricondo & Associates, Inc. 500’ 250’ Secondary Surface 7: 1 Primary Surface . 3 NM. 6 NM Secondary Surface 7: 1 Variable Length . 3 NM
TERPS RNAV LNAV/VNAV and RNP Final Approach Area Intermediate Approach Final Approach Based on VEB and OC DA >= 250 AGL 500’ Above Highest Obstacle PFAF (Precision Final Approach Fix) . 0° 3 gle n a t DA is 250’ 27 Threshold Crossing Height 50’ Runway Elevation = 0’ n Above the esce D l a Highest ptim O Obstacle in DVEB r o sed a B CS O DVEB – Calculated As a function of the Vertical Error Budget Notes: 1. Not to scale 2. Approach example based on a standard 3. 0° glide path angle with 50’ Threshold Crossing Altitude (THC) 3. APV approaches include RNP, RNP SA , and RNAV LNAV/VNAV. Surface shown represents RNP and RNP SA. 4. Based on FAA Order 8260. 58 o Airp d an mp e T ld . Co vg n. A 250’ eva t El tion Secondary Surface 7: 1 500’ 1 x RNP 2 x RNP Primary Surface 2 x RNP Secondary Surface 7: 1 1 x RNP Secondary not used for SA Procedures Variable Length
FAA INSTRUMENT FLIGHT PROCEDURES INFORMATION GATEWAY 22
IFP Information Gateway • The IFP Information Gateway is a centralized instrument flight procedures data portal, providing a single-source for: – Charts - All Published Charts, Volume, and Type. – IFP Production Plan - Current IFPs under Development or Amendments with Tentative Publication Date and Status. – IFP Coordination - All coordinated developed/amended procedure forms forwarded to Flight Check or Charting for publication. – IFP Documents - Navigation Database Review (NDBR) — Repository and Source Documents used for Data Validation of Coded IFPs – IFP Requests - All requests for new procedures, amendments, or cancellations must go through the IFP Gateway. 23
IFP Webpage • https: //www. faa. gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/procedures/application/ 24
IFP Web Page Search 25
Airport Search Results 26
IFP Procedure Request 27
IFP Procedure Request 28
IFP Request Process 29
FAA IFP Questions • Compliance with AC 5300 -13 A- Paragraph 317 - Table 3 -4 • Environmental documentation • Weather reporting • Runway • Aircraft category • Visibility minima 30
Airport Design Requirements 31
Procedure Production Process for New Procedure • The process takes approximately 483 days for a new procedure • All requests go to a Regional Airspace Planning Team (RAPT) – Production schedule slot identified • Time • Priority • Schedule • Procedure development process includes – – – Build Coordination with ATO and other groups Environmental review Flight check Rebuild Charting/Publication 32
Association of California Airports MODIFICATION OF PROCEDURES FOR CONSTRUCTION 33
Projects Driving IFP Modification Runway Extension New Displaced Threshold Runway Reconstruction Twy Used as Temp Runway Reconstruction Portion of Runway Closed Obstacles. New or Removed 34
Determine IFP Requirements • Consider – IFP currently serving the airport – NAVAIDs impacted • Physically • Due to construction equipment – Duration of construction – Commercial service operator needs • In many cases existing circling procedures can be used – Straight in minima N/A via NOTAMs • Early Coordination with FAA 35
IFP Planning Schedule – Runway Closure, Taxiway to be Used as Temporary Runway Project Definition is Completed Construction of Taxiway B Begins Planning, Coordination and New Procedures Implementation YEAR 1 YEAR 2 Opening Day of Reconstructed of Taxiway B Runway As Temporary Runway Construction of Taxiway Construction of Runway X MONTHS x months • FAA Flight Procedures Office • Establishment of reimbursable agreement • FAA Facilities and Equipment • Data transfer for initial procedure • FAA Airports Division development Estimated lead time: 2 years • Construction • Installation of LOC and PAPIs • Aeronautical survey of temporary Runway • Transfer data to FAA • Update 7480 forms • Flight check • Commissioning of temp. Runway and NAVAIDS • Construction • Aeronautical survey of Reconstructed Runway • Transfer data to FAA • Update 7480 forms • Flight check • Commissioning of reconstructed Runway and NAVAIDS Estimated lead time: 1 to 2 years 36
Reimbursable Cost Agreements • Reimbursable costs items may include – Procedure development • Based on lines of minima – E. g. Circling, LNAV, LNVAV/VNAV, LP, LOC, ILS – Flight Check • Mobilization • NAVAIDs check • Procedures check – Tech Ops Labor • ROM Cost – $15 K per line of minima – $100 per hour of FAA engineer time 37
Association of California Airports THANK YOU 43
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