Assoc Prof Lela Mirtskhulava Lele Tvaliashvili Ivane Javakhishvili

Assoc. Prof. Lela Mirtskhulava Lele Tvaliashvili Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University/ Department of Computer Science San Diego State University Georgia Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University/ Tbilisi, Georgia San Diego State University Georgia lela. mirtskhulava@tsu. ge Tbilisi, Georgia Prof. Dr. Avtandil Bardavelidze Information Technology Department Faculty of Exact And Natural Sciences Akaki Tsereteli State University Kutaisi, Georgia avtandilbardavelidze@atsu. edu. ge tvaliashvililela@gmail. com Luka Tvaliashvili Department of Computer Science Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University/ San Diego State University Tbilisi, Georgia

…the earth enables our people to survive, the environment must be respected and maintained. As long as the earth remains healthy, the people remain healthy. ” (Long and Fox, 1996) Dis tan ce 4, 2 fro m C 92. am b 7 k rid ge m to Tbi lisi

Introduction Global warming scale cause irreversible processes and most of globe population unable to recognise urgency of these issues what needs to be addressed. Climate change have been caused by plenty of reasons including quite different infrastructures. Global warming is stoppable what could be achieved improving transport infrastructure to reduce congestion, reducing the power consumption of smartphones and all kind of electronic equipment what can benefit economically and even reduce carbon footprint.

Wildfires destroyed an area of 250 hectares of Borjomi in 2008 and totally 750 hectars in August 2017. As a result, the forest's ecosystem lost its ecological function. The fire started on Sunday in Borjomi- Kharagauli National Park but intensified on Monday evening when it spread to over 6 hectares in the hills above the villages Tsaghveri, Sadgeri and Daba. It is about five kms south-east of the town Borjomi, a popular mountain resort. ! Aug 22, 2017 It is known that 87% of fire damages occur due to lack of early fire detection

California is well-known for wildfires gradually destroying California forest ecosystem. Camp Fire in November 8, 2018 destroyed about 18 000 structures in Paradise what was most destructive wildfire in the history of California where air quality was considered hazardous even in San Jose. The health department urged people to stay inside or use N 95 respirators and P 100 masks for those who has to go outside. Due to unhealthy air in Stanford and Berkeley football match was postponed until December 1, 2018.

Main Issues of the Globe … Global warming and climate change - the main critical issues of the globe Evidence of the global warming is increasing and its impact on our planet and our day life is huge The future of the globe is at risk and computing could play major role to save our planet Traffic congestion Pollution to more sustainable manufacturing Reduced power consumption

The Earth’s surface is warming Effects of Earth’s surface warming Melting glaciers Rising sea levels Impacted wildlife and crops Increasingly destructive weather

Global Warming Global mean surface-temperature change from 1880 to 2017, relative to the 1951– 1980 mean The black line is the global annual mean, and the red line is the fiveyear local regression line The blue uncertainty bars show a 95% confidence interval NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies http: //data. giss. nasa. gov/gistemp/graphs/

Computer Science meets Environmental Science “We must first find a common language, ” Gomes said. “This is new intellectual territory with great potential, and with unique societal benefits. ” Environmental Science Ø Natural Resources vital to human survival: substances and energy resources needed for survival Ø Some computer scientists and mathematicians are unaware that ecological problems often translate into interesting decision optimization and statistical learning problems involving: • combinatorial decisions • dynamic modeling • Uncertainty - said Carla Gomes, director of Cornell's Institute for Computational Sustainability

Internet of things (Io. T) The common vision of smart systems like smart grid, smart homes, smart water networks, intelligent transportation is usually associated with the concept of the internet of things (Io. T), where through the use of sensors the entire physical infrastructure is closely coupled with information and communication technologies. Intelligent monitoring and management can be achieved using networked embedded devices where devices are interconnected to transmit useful measurement information and control instructions via distributed sensor networks

Internet of things (Io. T) Network Infrastructure Cloud Technologies Wireless Sensor Networks Real World Interface (smartphones)

Phase 1: Network Infrastructure Phase 2: Cloud Technologies Phase 3: Wireless Sensor Network Phase 4: Real World Interface • Network Transmission and Topology • Widen network coverage • Increase the network addresses • Strengthen the network connectivity • Increase the network capacity • Increase the data capacity storage • Increase the database availability • IP-based network • Integrate and find possible IP based sensors • Accessibility • User Friendly • Integrate through smart phones • Improve Security • Increase energy efficiency and use clean energy Phases of Internet of things (Io. T)

Phase 3: Wireless Sensor Network A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions. Applications of WSNs can provide reliable, accurate, real-time, safety, sufficient information for the substation management, not confined to the traditional electrical quantities information of telemetry, remote communication, remote control, remote adjustment, but also including equipment information, such as the cooling system condition, the circuit breaker action times, the energy storage state of transmission mechanism, size of breaking current, and environmental information, video information, etc.

A network of Sensor Nodes can be installed in a forest to detect when a fire has started. The nodes can be equipped with sensors to measure temperature, humidity and gases which are produced by fire in the trees or vegetation. The early detection is crucial for a successful action of the firefighters Thanks to Wireless Sensor Networks, the fire brigade will be able to know when a fire is started and how it is spreading.

Proposed framework … An effective framework is proposed using wireless sensor network for real -time fire detection. The wireless sensor network can give more accurate detection of fire danger rate over Io. T. In the given framework, we propose to use WSN model consisting of various sensors forming the sensor nodes, which measure the basic environmental parameters like temperature, humidity and the level of flammable gases in the given environment. We're using Arduino as microcontroller board capable to transmit data via Bluetooth module to the smartphone. Android smartphone application is capable to display temperature data.

• Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform designed to make experimenting with electronics and programming more fun and intuitive. • Arduino has its own unique, simplified programming language and a lots of premade examles and tutorials exists. • With Arduino you can easily explore lots of small-scale sensors and actuators like motors, temperature • sensors, etc. The possibilities with Arduino are endeless. http: //www. arduino. cc 10

Arduino Reset button: reset the board AREF pins: set an external voltage for the analog pins as the upper limit Digital I/O pins: 14 pins capable of reading and outputting digital signals; 6 of these pins are also capable of PWM RX and TX LEDs: receive (RX) and transmit(TX) LEDs, blink when sending or receiving serial data respectively Power indicator LED: indicates the board power status ICSP pin: a programming header on the board also called SPI Microcontroller(ATMega 328): the processing and logical unit of the board GND pin: to ground the circuit Vin pin: to supply power to the board Analog pins(A 0 -A 5): to read analog signals to the board 5 V pin: a 5 V output 3. 3 V pin: a 3. 3 V output Reset Pin: to reset the Arduino Uno Barrel Jack: for power supply Voltage Regulator: regulates and stabilises the input and output voltages Crystal Oscillator: keeps track of time and regulates processor frequency USB: used for both power and communication with the IDE

Flame sensor is interfaced to arduino to detect Flame. Led and buzzer are interfaced to arduino to indicate the flame. When there is Flame the LED and Buzzer automatically ON and when there is no flame amount Arduino automatically turns off LED and Buzzer. When remowing Flame from the flame sensor Arduino automatically Turns Off LED and buzeer. Here based on a room condition the threshold value taken was 100 for the Flame sensor. Hard ware components required: 1) Flame sensor (Analogue Output) 2)Arduino 3)Bread board 4)LED 5)Buzzer 6)Connecting wires

We are simulating an environment monitoring using Io. T capabilities in Cisco Packet Tracer. In this model Io. T environment was built automatically detecting fire by using remote fire sensor. MCU board simulates Arduino connecting temperature and smoke sensors and acting like the remote fire detection unit. MCU is connected to home gateway and secured. Fire alarm system is connected a homegateway consisting of a SBC board connected to an alarm. Both systems are connected and registered to Io. E server providing automated process raising a fire alarm when fire is occurred and detected by using the fire sensor.

Thank you!