Assisting in Analysis of Blood Hematology Hematology Vocabulary

Assisting in Analysis of Blood Hematology

Hematology Vocabulary • Anemia: A condition marked by deficiency of red blood cells (RBCs)

Hematology • Anisocytosis: Abnormal variances in red blood cell size.

Antibody • A specific protein produced by a lymphocytic plasma cell to destroy a specific foreign invader (antigen) in the body

Antigen • A foreign invader (eg. bacterium, virus , toxin, allergen) that generates an immune response with the production of antibodies.

Hematology • Artifact: • Structures or features not normally present but visible as a result of an external agent or action, such as in a microscopic specimen after fixation or in a radiographic image.

Buffy Coat • A layer of white cells and platelets found between the plasma and the packed red blood cells (RBC) after whole blood has been centrifuged.

Hematology • Band: • Immature neutrophil whose nucleus has not segmented; sometimes called a “Stab”

Hematology • Baso • Prefix meaning alkaline • Basophil • White blood cell with granules that stain dark blue and play a part in the inflammatory process. .

Hematology • Centrifuge: • An apparatus consisting essentially of a compartment that spins about a central axis to separate contained materials of different specific gravities or to separate colloidal particles suspended in a liquid.

Cuvette • A specimen container made of plastic or glass designed to hold samples for laboratory tests using light meter technologies. (spectrophotometry).

Hematology • Differential count: • Procedure for determining the distribution of the five types of leukocytes based on their staining characteristics, shapes and sizes.

Hematology • Enzymes: • Complex proteins produced by cells that act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.

Hematology • Embolus • Traveling clot

Hematology • Eosin • Prefix meaning acid • Eosinophil: • White blood cell with large granules that stain red. Their numbers increase during allergic reactions

Hematology • Erythroblasts • Immature red blood cells also called rubriblasts.

Hematology • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) • Rate at which red blood cells settle out of an anticoagulated blood specimen after 60 minutes. • Fibrinogen (factor I) • One of two plasma proteins involved in the clotting process.

Hematology • Granulocytes: • White blood cells that contain granules in their cytoplasm. • Neutrophils • Basophils • Eosinophils • Hematocrit • Test that measures percentage of packed red blood cells compared with total blood volume. • Hemoglobin: • Oxygen –carrying reddish pigment in red blood cells.

Hematology • Hematology: • Study of the visible cellular components in the blood stream and bone marrow • Hematologist: • One who evaluates the cellular elements of blood microscopically and analytically by using a variety of test methods.

Hematology • Hematopoiesis: • Blood production • Hemocytoblast: • Stem cell that differentiates (changes) and becomes any of the seven visible blood elements found in circulating blood.

Hematology Hemolysis: Destruction of red blood cells. Hemostasis: Body’s ability to initiate a clotting response to stop bleeding and at the same time prevent the blood from forming an unwanted stationary clot.

Hematology • Hyperchromia: • Increase in color (based on hemoglobin concentration) • Hypochromic: • Pertaining to less than normal color. • Hypoxemia: • Lack of oxygen in the blood.

Hematology • Immunoglobulins: • Antibodies that destroy or render harmless foreign invaders containing antigens. • Leukemia: • Various cancers of the white blood cells. • Leukocytosis: • Abnormal increase in white blood cells. • Leukopenia: • Abnormal decrease in white blood cells (WBCs)

Hematology • Lymphocyte: • Small, non-granular WBC that develops from lymphoblasts in the bone marrow. • Macrophages: • Large, engulfing cells that come from monocytes when they enter the tissues.

Hematology • Megakaryocyte: • Large nuclear cell in the bone marrow that fragments its cytoplasm to become platelets. • Monocytes: • Large, nongranular white blood cells that develop from monoblasts in bone marrow.

Hematology • Myeloblasts: • Stem cells that develop into the three kinds of granulocytes. • Neutro: • Prefix meaning neither acid or alkaline • Neutrophil • White blood cells with fine granules that stain lavender / pink

Hematology • Nongranulocytes (agranulocytes): • White blood cells that may have a few or no granules in their cytoplasm, lymphocytes and monocytes. • Normocytes: • Young red blood cells that shed their nuclei before entering the blood stream. • Nucleus: • Central controlling structure in the cell. • Phil: • Suffix meaning attraction.

Hematology • Poikilocytosis: • Abnormal shapes in red blood cells. • Polychromia: • Increase in color variation (based on hemoglobin concentrqation) • Polycythemia : • Abnormal condition of increased red blood cells.

Hematology • Polymorphonuclear: • Having a multi-shaped, segmented nucleus; sometimes abbreviated as PMN or segs • Prothrombin Factor II: • One of two clotting factors involved in clotting. • Protime test: • Test for monitoring coagulation times for patients taking anticoagulants.

Hematology • RBC indices: • Mathematic ratios of the three red blood cell tests (hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cell count). • Reticulocytes: • Newly released red blood cells in the blood that still contain some nuclear DNA.

Hematology • Rouleaux formation: • Arrangement of red blood cells resembling stacked chips. • Thrombocytes: • Platelets; cellular fragments that gather at the site of a damaged blood Bessel and release clotting chemicals to form a clot. • Thrombosis: • Abnormal condition of clotting • Thrombus: • Unwanted stationary clot.

Type and Crossmatch • Tests performed to assess the compatibility of blood to be transfused

Hematology • Vitamin K: • Critical element in the production of prothrombin. • Polycythemia vera: • A condition marked by an abnormally large number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the circulatory system.

Hematology • Abbreviations: ALL: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia AML: Acute Myelocytic Leukemia CBC: Complete Blood Count CLL: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia CML: Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate g/d. L: grams per deciliter which represents the weight of a substance (g) per volume (d. L) • HCT: hematocrit • •

Hematology • Abbreviations • • Hgb: hemoglobin INR: International normalized ratio (for protime test results) MCH: Mean cell hemoglobin MCHC: means (average) cell hemoglobin concentration MCV: Mean cell volume PMN: Polymorphonuclear PT: prothrombin time (protime).

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